Biology Hsc Dot Points

BIOLOGY HSC NOTES MAINTAINING A BALANCE Identify the procedure of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a fair model to describe their specificity on substrates. Enzymes are protein molecules that all toldow the dust to guide in chemical reactions, such as metabolism. There activities can be catalytic (being able to control the rate of either increasing/ lessen chemical reaction) Enzymes have a specific shape, and this shape must be intact, otherwise the effectiveness of their function will decrease.The shape may flex due to PH or temperature levels, the metabolic processes can be modify in three main ways by controlling the add together of enzymes, Catalytic activity of enzymes and accessibility of substance Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in the cell. Three factors that affect enzymes PH, Substance Concentration and temperature. The substrate is the molecule on which an enzyme acts upon (food), this substrate/reactant fits ont o the groove of the active berth (the site where the enzymes break down the substance into products).That is why the shape is so authorized the active sites shape must remain un-altered if the enzyme is to function correctly. This fit is know as the induced fit, much like a spot fits a lock. When the active site breaks down the substance into products, this is known as the catalysis process. Identify the pH as a way of describing the sullenness of a substance PH (Parts per hydrogen) is the measure of acidity, or alkalinity in a liquid. Under 7 = acid (RED) 7 = Neutral (GREEN) Over 7 = Base (BLUE) Our stomach acid has a value of 2, kind is around 7. . Arterial pitch is around 7. 41 while venous short letter is 7.36. Venous blood has a start out Ph due to the lower carbon dioxide levels which influence more acidic levels likewise Arterial blood has a greater Ph as it receives the depleted cells that have a low level of Oxygen and a high level of coke dioxide. Urine is more a cidic in the morning (Ph 6. 5 7) as it is more concentrated and the kidney filters more so when the body is at rest. Acids urinate H+ (As H30+) ions in water Produce a negative ion (-) as well Taste sour Corrodes metals Reacts with bases to form salts and water. In the human body Skin is mildly acidic (Ph = 5. 6) Urine is acidic Stomach acids is really acidic (Ph = 1 2) Acidic to eliminate bacterias Blood Ph is about 7 Saliva Ph is about 7 Ph Indicators are dyes that can be added to an liquid and will commute its colour in the presence of an acid or base. It can in like manner be in the form of Litmus paper, or an universal power in the form of drops) Some dyes are natural such as radish or red cabbage.