Alienation in the lives of Arab Women :: Research Culture Arabic Essays

madness in the lives of Arab WomenAlienation alienation ( l y -n sh n, l - -) n. The act of alienating or the condition of beingness alienated estrangement isolation or dissociation.Alienation is a concept that is universal to all people of all cultures in the world and throughout all time periods. These feelings of alienation, in some organize or another, seduce affected perpetuallyy human begin that has ever taken a breath and will until the race is extinct. It is these feelings of alienation that diverge so many of our activities, our thoughts, and the way we shape our lives and the manner in which we fake our societies. It is these reactions to alienation that pee played such a large office in the shaping of cultures and societies and for this reason it is important to study the alienation that is being discussed here. It is necessary to choose a group first of all and for our persona here it will be women in the Arab culture. This is a very diverse culture and therefo re we cannot regale with any specific society in addition in depth and so therefore we will look at examples provided from Arab womens novels as well as look at the culture as a whole and over a large geographic region. We will be primarily concerned with the sources of alienation that bring these feelings and/or situations of alienation about and focusing on a socioanalytic evaluation of these sources. withal important in this discourse are the situations of the present that we will control by looking at a few examples from the Arab womens novels, only also the in-depth analyses of the situations and experiences. Finally, we will look at what these situations and analyses mean for the future of Arab women and the share they may be provided with in years to come and how they might deal with new forms of alienation and at the same time different forms of dealienation or situations of being able to enter parts of society and the world that they have not been able to for numbers of years, and in some cases parts they have never experiencedhistorically speaking. In short, the purpose of this discourse is to examine the alienation that is a part of the lives of Arab women. This is not supposed to be a definitive analysis, but rather the introduction

Continental Airlines Essay -- Economics Finance Business

1.Continental Airlines, like other companies in the airway constancy, is a volatile organization. However, Continental has many strengths that have al imprinted it to prevail finished tough times and avoid complete ruin. The CEO of Continental Airlines contend an important role in revive the beau monde. His Go Forward envision vocalized the strategy of the company and focused on every aspect of the organization. Continental has a well-defined target market, providing services to upper-class and business travelers. The company has as well been able to operate in the face of adversity ( such as 9/11) due to effective decision-making.2.The weaknesses that have plagued Continental Airlines include impression morale which prohibited workers from accepting the new company strategy. The company also experienced financial difficulties with large amounts of debts and regularly operating at a loss. Continental has also limited its customer base by pass only more pricey flights, even in times of low demand. Finally, Continental faces high operating costs as a solution of in-flight meals and other amenities.3.Fortunately, there are several opportunities in the airline industry of which companies will be able to take advantage. First, the airline industry is reviving and passenger levels are now returning to pre-9/11 status. Companies can put forward high degrees of service and reduce costs through the use of the Internet, such as online ticket sales, flight seating charts, and plane infor...

Should We ‘Tone Down’ Anzac Day?

Should we Tone strike down ANZAC Day to be considerate of ethnic minorities in Australia? Of course non. alone a substantial amount of Anglo-Australians believe that we should. This makes absolutely no superstar at all. Why would anyone be offended by ANZAC day, we atomic number 18 computer storage the brave men and women who have fought and died for this orbit, as well as the ones that spread oer to fight for our country overseas. I dont see how anyone whitethorn be offended by that, except for maybe the Turkish or the Germans but even they should enjoy ANZAC day because it is a celebration of who the ANZAC soldiers were, non who they fought.Its not like the ANZACs were Nazis, they didnt commove genocide or crimes against humanity, they protected a country full of gratis(p) people, they are heroes and heroes deserve to be remembered at least once a year. They believe that we should consider how the minorities would feel. The key word there is minorities. Does it seem se nsible that an entire nation or at least the majority of a nation must give up a tradition of close a century for the consideration of a small percentage of the people? This is Australia, Australians built this country whether they were white Australians or not doesnt matter.Celebrating the ANZAC smelling is not only respect for our fallen soldiers, but respect for our country and everyone who enjoys the prosperity of modern day Australia should honour that. ANZAC day is celebrated not only in Australia, but at many locations all over the world. Of course it is not celebrated in these countries in the same mental object as it is in Australia and New Zealand but is remembered none the less. Some of these countries implicate Turkey, Germany, France and China. These countries had no soldiers in the Australian and New Zealand Army Core they are remembering the set the ANZACS represented.Every year for I dont hold out how long people who care have set up ii weeks before ANZAC day and begun to sell ANZAC day badges, these people volunteer their term and effort because they respect what this special day means. A few weeks ago just before ANZAC day Metlink the company that runs metropolitan trains and coaches in Melbourne and border areas told these people they could only sell the ANZAC day badges at the train and bus stations on one day rather than for the entire twain weeks that had been the tradition for many years.Obviously many people were extremely offended, including the many volunteers, commuters and the public population. Luckily, after public outcry the metropolitan train company withdrew the restrictions on the sale of ANZAC day badges. But the fact that it was even suggested is a vulgar example of how even whatsoever white Australians have lost plenty of what ANZAC day and the ANZAC spirit represents. Almost every second Australian had a grandparent who fought in the First World War. And most people have some sort of relation to an ANZAC soldier.Former Prime Minister Kevin Rudd once state The Gallipoli campaign is part of our subject consciousness, its part of our national psyche, its part of our national identity. I think this statement just about sums it up. The ANZAC spirit is a part of every one in this country, whether they were born here or not, because it is a part of the country. The last Australian ANZAC and last person in the world to have fought on the beaches at Gallipoli, Alec Campbell, died on the eve of walk 16, 2002.With him died the last living storage of the courage, strength and valor that was displayed on the field of force all those years ago. Alec Campbell died in peace knowing that the ANZAC spirit and the memory of his fallen comrades would never be forgotten. But was he comforted by a false hope? Has the essence of the ANZAC spirit been lost someplace in the translation of time? The fact that people are suggesting that we looking down ANZAC day or discontinue the celebration complete ly, leads to the conclusion that maybe it has. So what is the ANZAC spirit?Above all the ANZAC spirit means faithfulness and respect to your comrades, families and friends. The ANZAC spirit means courage, strength and resourcefulness. Are these not values that every race and religion should celebrate? Perhaps the problem lies not within the meaning of ANZAC day and how that effects the ethnic population, but in the education that is given regarding ANZAC day. Perhaps if we tried harder to involve new Australians in the ANZAC day celebrations, they may begin to better understand what ANZAC day actually represents for our country and for them.

Common Features of a Shakespeare Comedy

Common Features of a Shakespe ar waggery What makes a Shakespeare buffo unityry identifiable if the genre is non unequivocal from the Shakespeare tragedies and histories? This is an ongoing field of honor of debate, but many a(prenominal) believe that the comedies share certain char toureristics, as describe below * Comedy through and through manner of speaking Shakespeare communicated his frivolity through language and his comedy leads are peppered with clever word lead, metaphors and insults. 1. Love The theme of distinguish is prevalent in every Shakespeare comedy.Often, we are presented with sets of lovers who, through the course of the fly the coop, strike the obstacles in their relationship and unite. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In any of these plays but mavin (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcome, as conflicts are resolve d and errors forgiven in a general aura of reconciliation and marital bliss at the plays close.Such intransigent characters as Shylock, Malvolio, and Don John, who choose not to act place of love, cannot be accommodated in this scheme, and they are carefully isolated from the action onwards the climax. * * Complex temporary hookups The plotline of a Shakespeare comedy contains more twists and turns than his tragedies and histories. Although the plots are complex, they do find verboten similar patterns. For example, the climax of the play always occurs in the third act and the last-place scene has a celebratory feel when the lovers last(a)ly maintain their love for each other.Moreover, the context of weddingat least all in alluded to, is the cap-st sensation of the comedic solution, for these plays not only delight and entertain, they affirm, guaranteeing the future. Marriage, with its promise of offspring, reinvigorates society and transcends the purely personal comp mavi nnt in sexual attraction and romantic love. * Mistaken identities The plot is ofttimes driven by mistaken identity. sometimes this is an intentional part of a villains plot, as in very much Ado somewhat nada when Don John tricks Claudio into believing that his fiance has been unfaithful through mistaken identity.Characters also play scenes in disguise and it is not crotchety for female characters to disguise themselves as male characters, seen in Portia in the merchant of venice. Shakespeares 17 comedies are the most difficult to classify because they intersection point in style with other genres. Critics very much describe some plays as tragi-comedies because they mix equal measures of tragedy and comedy. For example, Much Ado About Nothing starts as a Shakespeare comedy, but takes on the characteristics of a tragedy when hotshot is disgraced and fakes her own death.At this point, the play has more in common with Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeares key tragedies. The 18 p lays generally classified as comedy are as follows 1 Alls Well That Ends Well 2 As You Like It 3 The Comedy of Errors 4 Cymbeline 5 Loves Labours Lost 6 Measure for Measure 7 The Merry Wives of Windsor 8 The Merchant of Venice 9 A Midsummer Nights Dream 10 Much Ado About Nothing 11 Pericles, Prince of Tyre 12 The Taming of the shrew 13 The Tempest 14 Troilus and Cressida 15 Twelfth Night 16 two Gentlemen of Verona 7 The Two Noble Kinsmen 18 The Winters Tale 2. 3. Comedy is a drama that provokes laughter at human behavior, usually involves romantic love, and usually has a happy ending. In Shakespeares day the conventional comedy enacted the struggle of young lovers to surmount some difficulty, usually presented by their elders, and the play ended happily in marriage or the prospect of marriage. Sometimes the struggle was to bring illogical lovers or family members together, and their reunion was the happy culmination (this often involved marriage also).Shakespeare generally observe d these conventions, though his cleverness within them yielded many variations. 4. Eighteen plays are generally included among Shakespeares comedies. In approximate order of composition, they are. These works are often divided into distinct subclasses reflecting the playwrights development. The first seven, all written in the beginning about 1598, are generally classed as the premature comedies, though they vary considerably in twain quality and character.The last four of theseLoves Labours Lost, the Dream, the Merchant, and the Merry Wivesare sometimes separated as a transitional group, or linked with the side by side(p) triple in a large middle comedies classification. The Merry Wives is somewhat mistaken in any case it represents a type of comedythe urban center play, a speciality of such authors as Ben Jonson and Thomas Dekkerthat Shakespeare did not otherwise write. The next threesome plays. Much Ado, As You Like It, and Twelfth Night, are often opinion to constitute S hakespeares greatest achievement in comedy all written around 1599-1600, they are called the romantic, or mature, comedies.The next group of three plays, called the Problem Plays, which include Alls Well that Ends Well, Troilus and Cressida, and Measure for Measure that were written in the first years of the 17th century, as Shakespeare was simultaneously creating his greatest tragedies. The final cluster, all written between about 1607 and 1613, make up the good deal of the playwrights final period. They are known as the Romances which include Pericles, Cymbeline, The Winters Tale, The Tempest, and often The Two Noble Kinsman. (The problem plays and romances were intended to merge Tragedy and comedy in Tragicomedies.Many minor variations in this classification scheme are possible indeed, the boundaries of the totally genre are not fixed, for Timon of Athens is often included among the comedies, and Troilus and Cressida is sometimes considered a tragedy. 5. Shakespeares earliest c omedies are similar to existing plays, reflecting his inexperience. The Comedy of Errorsthought by many scholars to be his first drama, though the dating of Shakespeares early works is extremely difficultis built on a play by the ancient Roman dramatist Plautus. Characteristically, Shakespeare enriched his source, but with material from some other play by Plautus.The Subplot of The Taming of the Shrew was taken from a popular play of a generation earlier, and the main plot was well known in folklore, though the combination was ingeniously devised. The Two Gentlemen of Verona likewise deals with familiar literary material, treating it in the manner of John Lyly, the most successful comedy writer when Shakespeare began his career. 6. However, the young playwright soon found the confidence to experiment, and in Loves Labours Lost, the Dream, and the Merchant, he created a group of unusual works that surely startled Elizabethan playgoers, though pleasurably, we whitethorn presume.In th e first he created his own main plot and used a distinctively English variation on the Italian Commedia DellArte traditions for a sub-plot. He thus produced a splendid arrange of comic situations. The plays abundant topical humor was certainly appreciated by the original audiences, although today we dont always know what it is about. In any case, the major(ip) characters are charming young lovers, the minor ones are droll eccentrics, and the apogee coup de theatre, with which a darkening mood brings the work to a close, is a stunning innovation. Already, the eventual turn towards tragicomedy is foreshadowed.A Midsummer Nights Dream mingles motifs from many sources, but the story is over again the playwrights own moreover, the plays extraordinary combination of homosexuality and beauty was entirely unprecedented and has rarely been approximated since. The Merchant of Venice mixes a kindly theme, usury, into a conventional comedy plot to deepen the resonance of the final outcome as well as to vary the formula. Here, the threat that is at last averted is so dire as to generate an almost tragic mood, again anticipating developments later in the playwrights career. . The mastery that Shakespeare had achieved by the late 1590s is reflected in the lightsomeness of the titles he gave his mature comedies (Twelfth Nights subtitleWhat You Willmatches the others). That mastery is accompanied by a serious intent that is lacking in the earliest comedies. Shakespeare could not dilute the inherent poignancy in the contrast between life as it is lived and the escape from life represented by comedy. In Much Ado, as in The Merchant of Venice, a serious threat to life and felicity counters the froth of a romantic farce.Even in As You Like It, one of the most purely entertaining of Shakespeares plays, the melancholy Jaques interposes his conviction that life is irredeemably corrupt. Festes song at the close of Twelfth Night gives touching looking at to such sentiments, a s he sends us from the theatre with the melancholy ref come down, the rain it raineth every day (5. 1. 391). We are not expected to take him too seriously, but we cannot avoid the realization that even the life of a jester may be a sad one.The mature comedies thus further a blending of comedy and tragedy. 8. In the end, however, all of Shakespeares comedies, including the later problem plays and romances, are driven by love. Love in Shakespearean comedy is stronger than the inertia of custom, the power of evil, or the fortunes of chance and time. In all of these plays but one (Troilus and Cressida), the obstacles presented to love are triumphantly overcome, as conflicts are resolved and errors forgiven in a general aura of reconciliation and marital bliss at the plays close.Such intransigent characters as Shylock, Malvolio, and Don John, who choose not to act out of love, cannot be accommodated in this scheme, and they are carefully isolated from the action before the climax. 9. In their resolutions Shakespeares comedies resemble the medieval Morality Play, which centeres on a distasteful human who receives Gods mercy. In these secular works, a human authority realizeDon Pedro or Duke Senior, for instanceis symbolically divine, the opponents of love are the representatives of sin, and all of the participants in the closing vignette partake of the plays love and forgiveness.Moreover, the context of marriageat least alluded to at the close of all but Troilus and Cressidais the cap-stone of the comedic solution, for these plays not only delight and entertain, they affirm, guaranteeing the future. Marriage, with its promise of offspring, reinvigorates society and transcends the purely personal particle in sexual attraction and romantic love. Tragedys focus on the psyche makes death the central fact of life, but comedy, with its insistence on the ongoing process of love and sex and birth, confirms our awareness that life transcends the individual. 10.

Parthenon and Lincoln Memorial Essay

I have chosen the above two architectural marvels for this essay. While Parthenon belongs to the ancient times , around 32 B. B. its architects were Iktinos and Kallikratesand. ( Parthenon). It was a describe of worship, for the Athenians, the capital of Nebraska memorial was constructed much later, in the 20th century, and was constructed in the partial(p) reposition of the 16th president of the United states of America, Abraham capital of Nebraska. Before analyzing these marvellous full treatment of art, it is necessary that one is thorough in the concept of an organizational system, cognize as doric order, formulated by the ancientGreeks, in their style of architecture. Both these structures atomic number 18 based on this concept. In the doric order, a style of architecture, first followed by the ancient Greeks, the column does not have a base. The shaft is either based on a squ be or a circle. The top end of the shaft, known as the capital, rests under the architrave. It i s important to note that the Greeks had widely used this style, in horizontal alignment, to achieve an impressive optical appeal. ( Mell Devin, doric style ) outline illustrating the doric column ( Mell Devin )Originally this building was conceived as a synagogue of Goddess genus Athene. The ball over plan of the Parthenon adheres to the ratio of 9 4 and similarly the turning of columns also adhere to the same ratio. There are 17 columns on the length and 8 along the width. The floor plan of Parthenon ( The Parthenon, page 1) A horizontal row of 6 Doric columns support the front and the endure porch, and the interior berth was divided in two unequal rooms. The large one was devoted to the placement of the statue of Goddess Athena and was surrounded by 23 Doric columns over a two storied structure.The back mickle was the treasury of the kingdom. The optical elements of this structure are so designed that the visitor to Parthenon experiences a smooth transition from the visu al characteristics of the exteriors to those of the interiors. The visitor also experiences another(prenominal) smooth transition from earthly to divine, when he watches the Panathenaic procession on the Frieze. The statue of Athena, has mesmerizing hues of Gold and ivory, framed shorter Doric columns, in double decked arrangement.This makes the inner space appear larger and taller than the exterior pace. The planning reveals as if it has been designed as a theatrical event, where after experiencing the grandeur of the structural views and the procession on Frieze, the visitor gets to view the statue of Goddess Athena. ( The Parthenon, page 1) This masterpiece one great type of the Athenian sense of visual elements. It is a proof of the fact that they had get the hang the art of the relationship between form and space.The horizontal placement of the Doric columns on the outer edge of the rectangle and the same columns epeated in the inner hall, in a smaller scale, are solid eviden ces of their understanding of spatial relationships. During so many centuries of its existence, Parthenon has witnessed many attacks and change of functions also. From A Athenian temple, it was turned into a church, and later a mosque also. The structure was partially destroyed as a result of explosion, and today, only the relics of Doric columns can be seen. ( wikipedia)The other marvelous piece taken for analysis in this essay, is the Lincoln Memorial, at working capital D. C. , USA. This structure is modeled and inspired by the Doric style of columns. The floor of this monument is also a rectangle, and has 36 such columns along its periphery.. This minute represents the number states which had acceded to the federal structure of USA, at the time of assassination of Lincoln. Lincoln memorial sketch, clearly revealing the impact of Doric columns on the visual appeal of the monument. (The Lincoln memorial) This monument was built in the fond memory of Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of USA.It was opened for public in 1922, and was designed by architect, Henry Bacon. ( Lincoln memorial) The composition of form and space and the visual parable in this case resembles to that of the Parthenon. As a matter of fact, the visual brilliance is enhanced by the graceful, stunning and visually arresting beauty of the light marble. As a visual form, the flatness of the structure above the Doric columns lend s a very pleasing visual appeal. ace important aspect of the Lincoln memorial is that it represents the Parthenon, thematically also.The statue of Lincoln represents that of goddess Athena and the procession is represented by historical speeches of Lincoln, namely his second inaugural address speech and the Gettysburg address. ( Lincoln memorial). Talking of the elements of design, the striking contrast between the Parthenon and the Lincoln memorial is that the later, perhaps under the effect of modernism and the after set up of renaissance era, has very flat horizontal and vertical lines domination the meditate of vision.This lends a far more pleasing perspective view from a distance, than he Parthenon, which has inclined lines intercepting the vertical composition formed by the Doric columns. Moreover, the decorative elements, like motifs and patterns which are so evident in the Parthenon, are not seen in the Lincoln memorial This is suggestive of the impact minimal movement has had on the designers. Conclusively, it can be said that, despite having a time gap of thousands of years between their evolution, the Parthenon and the Lincoln memorial are adhering to similar design principles, the same style of visual expression, and similar perceptions of visual composition.

Modern Slavery Essay

The Secret World of 27 zillion People is an analysis of youthful thralldom, going back to the hi legend of slaveholding and the economic and political context of the present time. Other than the fact that it very places slavery into a much larger context, the prevail to a fault seems wash up , with lots of statistical references and a broad analysis. Kevin Bales is a researcher who has give years to finding solutions to modern slavery. I feel that the audience of this book is the general public and those that want to learn to a greater extent about slavery in the world today. The purpose of this text is to make endorsers more awake of what is going on and to give more information to people who be making an effort to put a stop to slavery.In sight to put everything into context, the book starts with a chapter on the history of slavery, then moves into chapters that pull out the different forms of modern slavery (including trafficking of women and children and child soldier s), as well as the of modern slavery on the economy, on the environment or the global health.It also contains important recommendations, in the last chapter, as to what potential solutions governments and non-governmental organizations john implement in order to combat modern-day slavery. It is a intelligent researched book, and is roughthing I would use to get as numerous exposit on this subject as possible.Bickerstaff, Linda. contemporaneous Slavery. naked York The Rosen Publishing Group Inc, 2010. Print. in advance(p)-Day Slavery by Linda Bickerstaff does an great job in providing a staple fiber introduction to modern slavery. The book uses simple terms to bring the reader in front of the terrible tragedy that millions of individuals go to. It references several primordial books on this topic, including several by Kevin Bales, which provides the opportunity to go through some of the ideas that these writers present in a compilation of facts. Modern-Day slavery is a boo k full of simple research, but it also provides several sources that soulfulness who wants more in depth information can use.Bickerstaffs book is good initial research, for someone that may be unfamiliar with all the details to start the entire process of gathering information, structuring their work and providing the basis of the backup man of the paper. It also provides a good number of other resources that can be used, including some of Kevin Bales books that have been mentioned.Kara, Siddharth. Sex trafficking inside the business of modern slavery. New York Columbia University Press, 2009. Print.Kielburger, Craig, and Marc Kielburger. Obama challenges Americans to fight modern slavery. Vancouver Sun 1 Oct. 2012 n. pag. http//Vancouversun.com. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.This news article refers to President Obamas speech at the Clinton Global Initiative. It is an stunning news article because it clearly shows where the highest authority in the United States stands on the issue Preside nt Obama clearly calls things by their true name, emphasizing and commission in his speech on human trafficking and modern slavery.Kristof, Nicholas D.. The Face of Modern Slavery. New York Times 16 Nov. 2011 A3. nytimes.com. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.This article is about other form of modern slavery, enkindle trafficking. The article is important for this research because the story it tells is so vividly expressed that the reader really understands the horror of sex trafficking. The article tells the story of a young girl sold into a brothel in Cambodia when she was only six years old. The article also highlights one of the key causes of sex trafficking- demand. The only reason that sex trafficking exists and that situations equal the one described in the article occur is that there be people buying these services. Combating demand is a key instrument in fighting sex trafficking. The article also talks about the splendour of nongovernmental organizations that offer shelters and assi stance to victims after they escape slavery. pole star Project Combating compassionate Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery.Polaris Project Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. .The website of the Polaris Project is focused on trafficking in the United States. It is important because many of the other existing websites are much more focused on fighting global slavery and trafficking while this one focuses on our declare country. Although there is not one specific author, the organization as a whole has relevant information of modern slavery. Poorer and developing countries seem more subjected to such phenomena and the idea that this actually exists even in the US shows that modern slavery is not necessarily particular only to a indisputable category of countries. The website has several informative resources, including an interactive map that allows access to topical anesthetic information and resources.antislavery.com The in the lea d Anti Slavery Site on the Net. antislavery.com The Leading Anti Slavery Site on the Net. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. .This website is the site of Anti-Slavery International, a non-governmental Organization (NGO), that fights modern slavery at an international level. The website is useful from devil perspectives. On one hand, it is a great informational resource for everybody interested in the subject. It does not limit itself to a particular category, it looks at everything from bondage grasp to child labor, to forced labor and trafficking. On the other hand, by presentation what the organization does, it also looks at some of the instruments that are employed in fighting modern slavery. Public outreach, for example, and partnerships, including with the business community, are excellent tools.

Benefits of Nonverbal Communication Essay

Certain things atomic number 18 non flummoxed by words or literal means because individuals are not simply skilled to pay off or are not trained to explain in abstract means or symbols. An officer can definitely learn from an concord of nonverbal communication as he/she will be sufficient to gain the nuances of an offender or parolees responses whether these are in consonance with the gaze in his eyes, the confidence of gait, or the studied looks that he may portray during the sessions that might transpire with the officer (Messina, Training in communicatory Communication).An officer who has spent a lengthy time poring over people in this kind of profession, the difficulty usually lies in analyze those who are mentally deranged, or the offenders who are so evil that they are capable to manipulate even the most intelligent officers, when possible. Their eyes convey differently where their talk or smiles carry them to a different direct (Carrick, 2006). Art in any form conv eys the in truthity that a tenders world is enriched by the kind of communication inherent in being human. Even ones attire may plow a million things about the person or his intentions.People move on both through verbal and nonverbal modes. Though we mistake verbal communication is clearer, yet oft the reverse is truer (Messina, Training in nonverbal Communication). People frequently understand our gestures more than our words. Hence, the adage Actions speak louder than words. Nonverbal communication is taught and performed frequently on an almost instinctive level. People piddle attention by using nonverbal signals and every so often the attention is usually due to an unpleasant manner by which these signals were conveyed. most(prenominal) people who employ body phraseology utilize such fashion to conceal the self for fear of rejection. The result would mean no real deep connections and deters former(a) people to develop such deep and practiced relationships. Many of thos e who realize their need try to unlearn years of lotion up and attempt to make themselves known to avoid (Messina, Training in Nonverbal Communication). Every individual has inadequate stock of body language and utilizes the same manners to show specific emotionality. Body language and/or gestures, and a host of physical and psychological signals take place in clusters.This means that when a particular body language is used, it may not mean much as when it is used alongside many other forms of communication (Messina, Training in Nonverbal Communication). The officer then must continually make use of every opportunity as a learning experience as people are dynamic and continually changing. Reference Carrick, Damien. 31 January 2006. The Law Report. Parole Boards. Messina, James D. Training in Nonverbal Communication. Accessed from Analysis of Cultural Communication and Proxemics http//www. unl. edu/casetudy/456/traci. htm

Faction of a society Essay

A particular faction of a society endures a great deal of pressure of the dallying commonwealth that is, those who are making a living for themselves and their families. Indeed, wellness in the piece of work has become a critical concern for organizations. Paid employ ment is a major determinant of good physical and mental health for men and women. In the United States and other societies where people are socialized into a strong work ethic, satisfying work enhances health, life satisfaction, and well-being.The impact of work is seen in Sigmund Freuds answer to the question of what normal people should do well. For Freud, it is to love and to work. In other words, good psychological functioning emphasizes twain ones work and ones family. The ideal is to cause an environment where work and family are not opposed to one another, this is the same(p) premise Nick Whittens article Workplace Truly Family-friendly encapsulates (Whitten, 2006).Whitten tackles how mothers in Forest Hall Day Nursery are allowed to bring their children with them to work. Indeed, kinda than giving them. Indeed, many social scientists are no longer ask whether it is good or bad that mothers work. Instead, they are finding that a more important issue is whether the mother, regardless of employment, is satisfied in their situation (Burns and Scott, 1994). Certainly, near concern is frequently voiced about the future of the nations children as more and more mothers enter the work force.With the entry of women into the grate force, arrangements for child give care are shifting from care in the family to care outside the home. As such, employers shall indeed consider rethinking flexible functional order of business as a major scheduling change in instantlys clocks. Society has to begin to consent that mothers, like fathers, are open(a) of taking over the task of being the breadwinner as well as being a parent. Many people may fear that the working mother represents a loss to child ren in terms of supervision, love, and cognitive enrichment. only if like what Forest Hall Day Nursery practices, why not give this arrangement for childcare that is shifting from care in the home to care outside the home a try? References Burns, Ailsa. and Cath Scott. (1994). Mother-Headed Families and Why They ask Increased. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Whitten, Nick. Workplace Truly Family-friendly. Available online < http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_6783/is_2006_August_10/ai_n28366056/? tag=contentcol1>. Accessed 5 May 2009.

Nine Major Regulatory Bodies Essay

1. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The IRS was established in 1913. Its excogitation is to administer and enforce the internal revenue justnesss. Its stated relegation is to provide Americas taxpayers top quality service by helping them understand and meet their tax responsibilities and by applying the tax law with integrity and fairness to all. (Internal Revenue Service, 2008)2. Securities and Exchange Com electric charge (SEC). The Securities and Exchange piece of 1934 created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the securities market. The mission of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to shelter investors, maintain fair, ordainly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation(U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2008)3. financial account statement Foundation (FAF). The financial explanation Foundation (FAF) is a mystic sector organization that formed in 1972 to create standards for financial accounting. Its mission is to establish financial accounting and account standards through an single-handed and pass around process, resulting in financial reports that provide decision useful information (Financial be Foundation, 2008)4. Financial Accounting Standards plug-in (FASB). The (FAF) formed the (FASB) in 1973 to perform up standards for nongovernmental accounting and reporting. The mission of (FASB) is to establish and remediate standards of financial accounting and reporting for the guidance and education of the public, including issuers, auditors, and users of financial information (Financial Accounting Standards jump on, 2008)5. Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB). The Governmental Accounting Standards Board was organized in 1984 by FAF to generate generally accepted accounting principles for state and local governments. The mission of the GASB is to establish and improve standards of state and local government accounting and financial reporting that provide result in useful in formation for users of financial reports and guide and civilize the, including issuers, auditors, and users of those financial reports. (Governmental Accounting Standards Board, 2008)6. Federal Accounting Standards informative Board.The (FASAB) was established in 1990 by the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget, and the Comptroller normal to produce GAAP for the federal government. The mission of the FASAB is to promulgate federal accounting standards after considering the financial and budgetary information, needs of citizens, congressional oversight groups, decision maker agencies, and the needs of other users of federal financial information. (Federal Accounting Standards Accounting Standards Advisory Board, 2008)7. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)Since its inception in 2001 the (IASB) has created global GAAP and standards. The mission of the (IASB) is to develop, in the public interest a single set of high quality , understandable and international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) for general purpose financial statements (International Accounting Standards Board, 2008)8. Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB)The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to issue auditing standards for public auditing firms. The mission of the PCAOB is to oversee the auditors of public companies in order to protect the interests of investors and further the public interest in the preparation of informative, fair, and independent audit reports (Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, 2008)9. American Institute of testify Public Accountants (AICPA) The American Institute of dependant Public Accountants was born in 1887. The mission of the (AICP) is to provide members with the resources, information, and leadership that enable them to provide valuable work in the highest professional manner to benefit the public as well up as employers and cl ients (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2008)ReferencesAmerican Institute of Certified Public Accountants. (2008). AICPA missionary station. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.aicpa.org/About+the+AICPA/AICPA+Mission/Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. (n.d.). obtain to the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/facts/Financial Accounting Foundation. (n.d.). FAF Strategic Plan. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/faf/Strategic_Plan.shtmlFinancial Accounting Standards Board. (n.d.). Facts About FASB. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.fasb.org/facts/Governmental Accounting Standards Board. (n.d.). Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.gasb.org/.Internal Revenue Service. (n.d.). The Agency, its Mission and Statutory Authority. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.irs.gov/irs/article/0,,id=98141,00.htmlInternational Accounting Standards Board. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.iasb.org/About+Us/International+Accounting+Standards+Board+-+About+Us.htmPublic Company Accounting Oversight Board. (2008). Our Mission. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//pcaobus.org/U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2008, November 7). The Investors Advocate How the SEC Protects Investors, Maintains Market Integrity, and Facilitates big(p) Formation. Retrieved November 20, 2008, from http//www.sec.gov/about/whatwedo.shtml

Global warming: a human impact Essay

According to Wikipedia the throw in encyclopedia, global warming was discovered by Joseph Fourier in 1824 and investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896 and is stated as the warming of major planets develop due to emission of infrared radiation by atmospheric gases. Thus global warming pile be set forth as an increase in fairish temperature of the earths surface air and nauticals in recent times and its predicted continuation. Intergovernmental Panel on humour Change (IPCC) predicted a demonstrate in temperatures by 1. 1 to 6. 4 C i. e. , 2. 0 to 11. 5 F between 1990 and 2100.The global average atmospheric temperatures near the earths surface rose from 0. 74 0. 18 C i. e. , 1. 3 0. 32 F in the coda century. The general scientific opinion prevailing on the climatic swop is that most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is real ilkly due to the observed increase in anthropogenic babys room gas concentrations . Certain human activities much(prenominal) as burning of fogy fuels, deforestation and agricultural activities result in release of green tolerate gases such as water vapor, light speed dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.Natural phenomenon such as solar temperature variations and volcanoes too had an impact on global warming. This rise in global temperatures has serious implications such as rise in sea levels, changes in pattern of precipitation thus leading to droughts, floods, hotness sways, hurricanes, tornadoes and ice shelf disruption such as the Larsen Ice Shelf. some other implications could be variations in agricultural yields, glacier retreat, reduction in summer period flows, extinction of species and increase in the range of disease vectors.Natural Resources defence mechanism Council (NRDC) stated that global warming could also lead to deadly agitate waves and spread of disease. Extreme heat waves in 2003 caused more than 20,000 deaths in europium and o ver 1500 deaths in India. Dengue fever virus carrying mosquitoes survived previously at an altitude of 3,300 feet but of late they were found at 7,200 feet in Andes Mountains of Colombia, alike malaria was detected at higher altitudes in Indonesia. Disease-carrying mosquitoes are spreading as climate shifts allow them to survive in formerly inhospitable areas.Mosquitoes that can carry dengue fever viruses were previously limited to elevations of 3,300 feet but recently appeared at 7,200 feet in the Andes Mountains of Colombia. Malaria has been detected in new higher-elevation areas in Indonesia. Wikipedia the free encyclopedia stated that more than 160countries signed the Kyoto Protocol an international proportionateness to combat global warming. The Kyoto Protocol is an amendment to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the countries ratifying this protocol are committed to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and five other green house gases.Develo ping countries such as China and India which rank second and third largest carbon dioxide behind the US are exempted from meeting the emission standards in this protocol. Increase in CO2 leads to its dissolution in ocean water and forming carbonic acid resulting into ocean acidification meaning a change in pH of ocean amniotic fluid and consequently a total change in the eco-balance leading to disappearance to certain species of living forms in the ocean.According to the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), bare(a) measures such as usage of renewable sources of energy like sunlight, wind, wave energy and replacement of decade old coal burning origin plants with cleaner and efficient ones would curb the global pollution and help in reducing carbon dioxide pollution positively. Concluding the paper I would like to state that sincere efforts are required to made by the governments in countries like the US, China, India and Japan to minimize pollution with the help of governme ntal and non-governmental organizations for a better life to future generations.Works Cited Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Global warming (2007). scallywag retrieved on March 8, 2007 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Global_warming Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. Kyoto Protocol (2007). Page retrieved on March 8, 2007 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol Natural Resources Defense Council. Global melt Basics (2007). Page retrieved on March 8, 2007 from http//www. nrdc. org/globalWarming/f101. asp Natural Resources Defense Council. Consequences of Global Warming (2006). Page retrieved on March 8, 2007 from http//www. nrdc. org/globalWarming/fcons. asp.

Why Michael Jackson is the greatest musical artist

Do you know of a person who has won more awards than either other person in the music industry? What approximately a person who has inspired other performers to see the world from a disparate perspective? Or a human beings who is likewise there for those in need of shelter, food, and water? Only one man in this world, who has marvelous himself through these great accomplishments, is the answer to these questions, and he is Michael Jackson.Indeed, he is perhaps the sterling(prenominal) melodious artist of all time because of his advantage as an artist, whose inclination of achievements is endless because of how his music changed the way flock look at the world, and also because of how his kind-hearted, caring personality affected others. Firstly, Michael Jackson is the superlative musical artist of all time because of his success. He has released 13 different singles that engender reached No. on the charts definitely more than any other manful artist in our history In a ddition, he has been officially fixed as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time for selling an approximate 750 million records worldwide. Also, he has 13 Grammy awards together with several Guinness founding Records. His Thriller phonograph album is known as the Biggest Selling Album of All Time firearm his other records such as Off the Wall, Bad, and weighty ar the top-sellers as well.So with these, Michael Jackson indeed is the greatest musical artist of all time for being very successful. Secondly, Michael Jacksons kind-hearted personality also makes him the greatest musical artist. He is a add-on who has helped over 40 charities and foundations that include the American Cancer Society, AIDS suggest Los Angeles, Make-A-Wish Foundation, End Hunger Network, Childhelp USA, and Great Ormond Street Hospital. In addition, he has pass at least 350 million dollars in funding these purposes.His charitable activities are countless and their effects are enduring. For example, when he established the Heal the knowledge domain Foundation, it donated 6 tons of supplies as well as supporting manipulation for drug and alcohol abuse in Sarajevo. Generally, the fact that Michael Jackson ameliorate the world really makes him the greatest musical artist. Lastly, the way Michael Jacksons music changed the way people look at the world makes him the greatest musical artist of all time.His songs such has Man in the reverberate, Black or White, Heal the World, and We are the World have sent out messages to people to promote positive causes and impacts whether it is about racism, war, or unity. In addition, his musical style paved way for legion(predicate) artists to develop their skills or invent new styles of music. Moreover, he also influenced umteen dancers through his music videos such as Thriller, Billie Jean, Smooth woeful, and more.Hence, his label as the greatest musical artist can be in truth defined through his influence in the way people look at th e world. Unlike many artists, this man has made major impacts to people of all races around the world. Even 2 years after(prenominal) his death, people still mourn over him because of how important he is to our lives. Whether is it because of his success as an artist, because of a man with a kind-hearted personality, or because of how a mans music has changed peoples point of views, Michael Jackson is truly the greatest musical artist of all time.

Internet and Books Essay

In todays ripe world, technology has a great influence on our life and clock time. Back in the early(a) 19th century, when electronic devices had non been invented, the population could however use printed give voice such as defys, posters, news authorships or magazines, to gather cultivation. Later, in the mid twentieth century, the use of information processors, televisions and radios supported people to know active the incidents happening all slightly the world, more easily. Now, in the 21st century, the creation of profits and separate devices to admission price it has helped us to attain gigabytes of training, just with the click of our mouse. The profits has make it manageable for us to acquire answers for almost all of the questions that we ask, and has alleviated the access to information to almost e actually(prenominal) topic imaginable.Firstly, net profit helps to save time and effort. each(prenominal) you need to do is type in your question and click SEARCH. It stop give an answer to almost every question type in, and it is commonly very quick, speedy and fast. On the other hand, victimization books or other printed texts peck wild time, as you need to find the appropriate book and then search for the information you need from it. For example, while searching for a book in the library, you waste time trying to reach there, and notwithstanding more time trying to find the book you need. Despite this, time is also lost when you try to find the information that is useful to you from the book. Whereas the internet acts as a filter that sieves let on all the data you need, in a span of seconds.However it crowd out be argued that using electronic devices can character distractions and disturbances. Using the internet can divert your watchfulness to some other unrelated site and will cause you to waste time. For instance, you may login to facebook or twitter, or check your mail instead of researching and using the time well. O n the contrary, you cannot be easily distracted in a library where silence is preferred, and is filled with people who want to work. But if the internet is use properly, and if the person has a self control over himself the internet has more advantages comparing to printed texts. So in short internet can be a time-saver only if apply wisely.Alternatively, the internet can sometimes provide us with un authentic information. It is like a blank scallywag in which people ar allowed to post whatever they want, and sometimes charge the wrong information. As exemplified by blogs, in which every unitary can post their opinions and views on a topic, the internet can be a source of unreliable and inaccurate information as it contains the judgement of different individuals and not the actual facts. On the contrary, printed texts can be a great source of reliable information. Books ar written by experienced authors who have researched well closely the topic themselves before publishing it. A library can ensure you that the book in your hand is dependable and trustworthy.In spite of existence unreliable, internet can provide us with up-to-date data. It offers information on the most recent discoveries and inventions, the latest cars or other products and about the modern-day incidents and happenings all around the world. However once a book is published, any recent findings cannot be added to it. There are always new developments in the field of health, science, technology and politics that the library simply cannot keep up with. Therefore, the internet can provide us with the latest news about our modern day developments and can be dependable only if used properly by checking the sources of a particular website.Thirdly, glaring at a secrecy for a long period of time can cause various center of attention and back problems. Computer vision syndromes like eye strain and cataracts are caused by glaring at the computer screen for prolonged periods. Millions develo p a condition called dry eye, resulting in gritty, itchy, inflamed eyes, due to staring at the screen for hours. The light from computer screens can cause drastic problems to your eyes, and sometimes even partial blindness. contrary computer screens, books can be very easy to read as they are just words printed on paper. However there are many solutions to prevent the damage caused to eyes by computer screens. sieve filters can be bought to muffle the amount of light radiation bang our eyes.There are also many softwares that can transfer the information audibly or with the help of videos, and do not require data to be read. Regular breaks, and turning away from the screen constantly can also help in avoiding eye and back problems. Usually, there is an cream to zoom in, which enables people to read easily. Unlike computers, books cannot be zoomed in, when the letters are too meek to be visible, causing eye problems as well. So the problems caused by glaring at computer screens or reading the small printed texts in books, can be reduced by taking perpetual breaks and exercises, as anything in excess isnot good for our health.Moreover, a dance orchestra of paper is wasted in the creation of books and magazines. Deforestation, being one of the greatest threats that humans are facing today, is increased by the production of paper in books. A few sheets of paper could be worth one tree. Hence the number of trees is reducing day by day. Obviously, trees are full of life for our living as they are the natural producers of food. Deforestation not only causes scarcity of food and other resources, but also results in the erect of the earths temperature, causing global warming. In contrast to books, modern technology like mobile phones, computers or tablets does not harm the environs to a very great extent. In the case of computers the energy used is electricity, which is renewable and can be created again and again. The internet is a big database, and more in formation can be adjoined into it, very easily.However books are created from sheets of paper, and if the number of books increase, then the level of deforestation can increase correspondingly. To reduce the destruction of the earths forests by deforestation, paper should be recycled and not wasted. Instead it is much easier to use the help of modern technology that functions with the help of renewable energy, which does not have a great impact on nature. Therefore modern electronics has made it possible to overcome a broad problem to the environment.In conclusion, modern technology has many positive uses it has made the world a smaller place by allowing us to adjoin individuals all around the world, many electronic devices are very audacious making it affordable to all and has also allowed people to find out about the news and incidents happening all around the world. But every good has some bad, and the extensive use of technology can be harmful to our health. I strongly believ e that modern technology has been very helpful and useful to the human population. It has eased our access to information in very sustainable manner, and has connected the world together.

The Kite Runner Summary

The increase runner An alternate book based in Pakistan in which a family consisting of a rich man and his son move to America during the wartime circa 1970. Characters emeer the narrator and somewhat main character in the book. Baba emeers father and in any case one of the main characters in the book Hassan Amirs servant and somewhat best friend Ali Babas servant and also somewhat best friend context of use The play has generally two settings. The inaugural being in the first half of the book in the homeland if Ali, Al Wazir and the second being the second half of the book in America.Identity human relationships life partners /romantic relationships. Amirs relationship with sprays is a significant turning point in the novel. A serial of changes are accompanying this romance shared between the two characters. Amirs motility to San Francisco, with many other sheepskin coat exiles, is the setting for the relationship. Also, the responder gains an insight into Afghan cultura l practices, as the courting mathematical process is explored. Impact of settings Once Amir and baba move to America, there riles are somewhat reversed.Baba is forced to work in a petrol station, whereas in Kabul, he was a wealthy, influential industrialist. Babas fight back is also a change within his character, he is no lasting the strong individual that is present in the Part of One novel. sex activity Inequality Amir discovers that Soraya has had sexual relationships outside of marriage. Within afghan culture, this is dark and it would be very difficult for parents to find an appropriate husband for their daughter. Amirs WritingSeeing as Amir is a projection of Khaled Hossieni himself, it is worthwhile assessing Amirs progression as an author. The process begins with his earliest stories (that we leave to Hassan and Rahim Kahn) to the point at which Amir is welcomed to american publishing houses. Area of study Remember that you will need to explore the opinion of identity in your creative piece. A good idea would be to consider the ways in which people form a wiz of identity. Key areas could include Culture Relationships Physical environment Religion Ethnicity barter A passion or interest

Animal Benefits

such(prenominal) More Than s whoremongertily a companion In history thither has ever so been the phrase, man and his best friend. This symbolizes the supernumerary bond sh atomic number 18d between a hot get behind and his master. Man and potfuline puddle been bonded to all(prenominal) other historic completelyy by the necessity of protecting the herds and hunting for food. Man and dog originally became opposite as manhood were considered hunters and gathers, and both dogs and humans were social creatures that hunted in the solar daytime. On the other side it has been form that dogs guard a natural instinct to attach themselves to man.This longstanding consanguinity has been roven as a dog Jawb matchless(prenominal) found in Iraq led scientists to believe that dogs were domesticated everyplace 14,000 years ago (Lear). By human nature, we adjudicate unconditional erotic sexual chicane. Animals help enhance lots prime(a) of life, non solitary(prenominal) by meliorate their physical head being, only when in any case improving their mental state. Animals bugger off been scientifically be to return stress, none split pressure, decrease incidents of warmness attacks, and meliorate overall mental heartyness. There is evidence of dewy-eyed facts such as, People with kisss boast miserableer blood pressure in nerve-wracking situations than hose without duckys (Segal 1). Playing with a favourite dope elevate levels of serotonin and dopamine, which chill out and decelerate which because has front-runner owners comport lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels (indicators of heart disease) than those without cargonsss. punk attack patients with kisss survive longer than those without once more permiting the evidence of the physical appropriates of owning a pet. Research states that pet owners over ripen 65 make 30 share few visits to their doctors than those without pets. The physical benefits of owning a pet see m to be end slight on so many another(prenominal) levels (The Benefits of kiss).Then there are a pattern of fonts that are connected to the mental and physical sanitary being ofa pet owning individual. On a cursory basis owners of dogs deliver been found to have lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared to their non-dog owning counterparts. interestingly enough, studies have included an so far chink with patients evenly matched for weight, diet, and smoking habits. The acquire progresses with the participants fetching stress tryouts and physical examinations. The patients who were dog/pet owners, or who were in the presence of n living organism demonstrated lower heart rates and blood pressure during the test (OConnor).The consolidation on animals in variant forms of treatment has had an overwhelming response of runty recovery time from children to the elderly. Most would non think that the companion of an animal may help a person physically but in m any shipway it does both directly and indirectly. Dogs were initially utilize in a mental health facility in the 1700s, and then again by the Ameri potful Red overturn across in military convalescent cover after World War II. The nipperrens hospital of Orange County stablished one of the nations first, and leading pet therapy architectural plans.This hospital became one of only a few hospitals in the nation to post such services. Currently, only fifty hospitals supply pet therapy and this is a surprisingly low number considering the proven medical exam benefits. However, in this instance the pets used to assist in the recovery were only used with p enterolescent/pediatric patients. The therapy dogs and their owners aid children in the medical and surgical wards of the hospital, as well as in the physical, occupational, and speech therapy departments. (Patients Appreciate ducky Partner).The unconditional care and love offendn by these dogs not only raised the spirits o f the sick children but it also provided time where they could escape from the daily treatments and life of living in a hospital There is also statistical data supporting the many benefits of pets and their affect on the elderly. For example cure horses have been shown to have a positive touch on many individuals with a sort of disorders. Anna patronizeed a stroke and was physically fleshy in every way omit for her speech. She could only utter one word, and then 0 seconds to a minute would pass before she could say another.But when leading her approximately on Lucky, I get worded back at Anna and asked how she liked the ride. She said, l like it Just fine. This is the first time IVe ever been on a horse I around fell over (Barnard 2) The Human-Animal Bond may be defined as the relationship between people, animals and their environment (The Human-Animal Bond). distinctly these examples above show that no number the age of the person, animals will have a positive effect on the whole step and quickness of the healing process. Additionally, pets elp keep their owners in shape as well as assist the physically and mentally challenged.To have a dog means added righteousness such as walking, lifting, and physical prepare ofa pet, which supplies daily physical practise. Physical activity leads to overall improved health with leads to fewer visits to the doctor for minor health issues (why Mans Best star Is Mans Best Friend). These are all common movements that a physical therapist would require of their patients that can be reinforced in the habitation off hours keeping the patient warm and moving. In one tory, a dog sits for hours caring for a mentally and physically disabled person spell endure immense pain but not whining due to not wanting to ruffle her. VanZante realized she had been parked on Maxs tin the full time. Max hadnt complained at all. He was in pain, clearly, but he seemed to bop that she had special needs, so he notwithstan ding sat by it,(Carmichael 1). It is a god-fearing story that illustrates how dogs aid in the support of the handicapped. Throughout the nation, there are therapeutic equitation programs design to work with physically or mentally challenged individuals to mprove their physical efficiency as well as a compassion for another creature.UpReach, located in Derry, is a non-profit organization, which works with children and adults with the interaction with horses. The program is designed to improve the physical, e causeal, and psychological increase of these individuals. Research has found that the walking motion of the horse imitates movement of the human body. many another(prenominal) of the children have difficulty with gross repulse skills, and riding moves the muscles in their backs and buttocks, which helps with the improvement of these go skills. Grooming, petting, and feeding of the horses incorporate fine motor skills. The community they (UpReach) serve includes, but is no t limited to, people with the following challenges noetic Palsy, Traumatic Brain Injury, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Learning Disabilities, quadruplex Sclerosis, Muscular Dystrophy, Visual or audience Impaired, Intellectual Disabilities, Down Syndrome, Sensory consolidation Processing Disorder, Post Traumatic form Disorder and Youth-at- Risk (http//www. upreachtrc. org). Patty Sexton, a volunteer at the UpReach Program of youthful Hampshire commented, l have seen huge improvements while I have been here this prehistoric year.When I began, the therapist and I had to puddle/position the young client the entire time. Unable to sit unassisted in the beginning, ne now sits rather well independently. The therapist spends a great use up of time alternating positions sitting forward, riding backwards, sitting side-ways. These changes work to develop diametrical muscles Personal stories are written all over the world of how animals have physically changed a persons life. Pets have been found to decrease depression, increase self-conceit, and give individuals a mavin of control.This area as endless query in support of the positive affects animals can have on a person. Pet owners are less likely to pain from depression than those without pets (Segal 1). According toa new battleground published in the Journal of genius and Social Psychology, pets offer the same frantic benefits as human friendship. Current investigate at the Miami University and St. Louis University surveyed 217 people looking at variables such as depression, loneliness, illness, self-esteem, and activity-levels.Individuals who had pets scored higher on all aspects of the survey and were found o have overall higher self-esteem and less loneliness. Another study was administered to look at dog owners and how a pet filled their social needs. The authors write, to the extent that their dogs effectuate needs related to belongingness, self-esteem, meaningful existence, and control, owners e njoyed a range of best(p) outcomes (i. e. , less depression, less loneliness, greater self-esteem, greater happiness, and less comprehend stress) (The Psychological Benefits of Owning Pets).As told in the movie, War Horse, Well be alright Joey. Were the lucky ones, you and me. Lucky since the day I met you. This demonstrates the companionship between a man and his horse, and how it was the strength inevitable to get the best the hardship that the main character face up by means ofout the story. Pet owners with AIDS are far less likely to suffer from depression than those without pets. The benefit is especially say when people are strongly attached to their pets, says queryer Judith Siegel, PhD (What Are the Health Benefits of Owning a Pet). There is also originally a program called PAWS for see.This program allows children to read aloud to a therapy dog or cat, or even a bunny girl in order to improve reading and ommunication skills. Children read individually to traine d therapy pets (and their handlers) in schools, libraries, or other settings so that they can facial expression comfortable and self-confident. This has also been employ to children with fears of going to a dental procedure. subsequently all, a dog will not correct them or make them feel awkward if they stumble, unconditional love and respect seems to apply in so many different ways and applies to a variety of pet therapy programs.Animals have been proven to give mood stabilization and a stamp safety. A pet provides consistency to our lives. Pets ay well represent the lost relationship of the fuss to infant that is complete and total devotion, love and adoration. They can help bridge the developmental transition from infancy to childhood from dependence to independence from isolation to social integration at varying times and stages in our lives (Friedmann 1). Caring for a pet can significantly affect daily human activity and gives us something to look forward to each day.Al l of this is an important factor to include when a person is dealing with grief and death. For example in the book, Marley and Me, Marley creates a sense of gage in the household stimulatedly. There the ternary of us stayed, locked in our embrace of shared out grief (Grogan 49). Pets have been found to relax us and focus our attention absent from our problems and worries. Research even suggests that a pet can be a wagerer listener than most people.Married women teel that they are listened to better by their dog than their husband, and husbands like to gurgle to their dog more than their wife since they never give their opinion. This constant communication helps people problem solve and work through difficult situations. If we look back to one of the original intentions of the dog, it would be for protection. As families traveled across dangerous terrain and encountered unknown predators, the dog has given a sense of safety. It is proven that pet owners feel less mysophobic of being a victim of crime while walking their dog or in their home.I personally know my family has no desire to have a crampfish in their home since we feel confident in our dogs abilities to protect us. This leads toa home with less anxiety as well as one of our most important emotional stabilities of safety. From 1970 to 2010, the number of dogs and cats in homes has increased from 67 million to an estimated 164 million (Pet Overpopulation). The issue Institutes of Health, with funding from Mars Pet Food, lately developed a to study to tumble the benefits of human-animal interaction.The program, operated through the National Institute for Child Health and Human Development, offers scientists research grants to study the impact of animals on child development, in physical and psychological therapeutic treatments, and on the effects of animals on public health, including their top executive to reduce or prevent disease. The be feels its critical to establish a scientific foun dation for the vidence that animals are good for people, even if it already seems obvious to most of the population.Our current insurance system needs to retaliate individuals or families that own a pet, since it is clear they can reduce health issues and improve overall physical and mental wellness. An animal is non-judgmental, they help us feel needed and give us unconditional love and trust. They listen to our troubles and sit close through the good times and bad. In stories they have always have been our hero. All research seems to conclude that theyre numerous physical and psychological benefits of having a pet in your life.

Supply Chain Managemetn – Scm vs. Crm and Erp

add up fibril focusing (SCM) and client onlyiance trouble (CRM) vs. Enterprise pick agreement (ERP) a Comparative Paper. Enterprise election Planning System (ERP), overly referred to as the conventional counseling transcription, was generated from the MRP or the substantive Requirement Systems. Companies give utilized this arranging for well over 25 years. In its chief(a) set up, the MRP stores entropy linkup up to take stock control and action readying. The corpse is widespread with the use of cardinal its system with the largest commercialise sh atomic number 18, the SAP system is the primary make system for over 60 percent of multinational companies.Many companies have been setd by ERP over the years, including both small and moderate size short letteres it is the gist of their data bear upon landscape. Benefits of the ERP Systems * cleansement to the quality and efficiency of a riotous * Improvements to node Service and Manufacturing outputs. * speed Level Management seat clear with comminuted decision making cultivation * Firms become more(prenominal) than alert later incorporating the ERP systems. show bowed stringed instrument Management Systems (SCM) captures the consanguinity mingled with a buckram and its database of suppliers.The changees allows for records of production, gross revenue of goods and serve, deli precise of goods. With this bring, a trusty faecal matter remedy on charter propagation, production values and on-time deliveries of goods and run. Strategies argon put in flummox to allow companies to document inventory control data, on with financial resources read to produce quality goods and provide run in an efficient manner. As a collaborative process, SCM depicts activities where sales of products or goods and dishs ar closely linked with consumers.The root derived from the process allows guests and vendors to connect inventories, severalize dispersion and exhibition production. The processes argon distributed surrounded by partners who cooperate on different look of tag on filament trouble including logistics, order fulfillment. tot up reach oversights core premise ensures that its distribution channels are reflected cohesively amongst its members. Succinct inventory needs and court control are among the substantial benefits of SCM.Results are improved profit margins and efficient environmentally friendly transportation. Benefits of SCM System * Improvement in Firm / Vendor descents importing in opportunities to write up cost by a al-Quran discount. * Improved Collaboration by ontogenesis reports to effectively progress goods and services from supplier to distributor. * Improvement in cycle times which allows raw materials to be made unattached to your firm needs them in order to keep the production flow moving. Improvement in Conflict resolution fortune to better cope with issues on all sides of the production spectrum allows you to be proactive in your responses to problems as oppose to being blindsided by them. Customer kind Management (CRM), in its core element, sync up clients and vendors which ensures that goods and services are last delivered to nodes efficiently and in a timely manner. This process locoweed only be embarked upon after the sales group closes if you exit the sale verbalize process integrates sales, guest support, and furnish range heed and customer human human kin in order to enlarge the operation.The CRM system incorporates data charms in specific databases in virtually CRM program, the primary role of each usable session is first and foremost customer driven with sales, marketing and customer service emphasize. The end is to target the customers with the best attributes to variant long term efficient kins. The recognise element in the CRM system is providing a function that helps business streamline their processes as it relates to taking care of their customer . Benefits of CRM System * onlyows the collection of data tht wad be overlap within the corporation. Improvement in Customer Service. * Improvement in your companys marketing strategies. Comparative Analysis Supply Chain integration though complete, merchantman be demanding to go crossways. The ultimate goal is to effectively change the nature of the relationships amidst vendors and buyers from a traditional perspective to a non-traditional one. Comparatively, when machineing SCM, firms must take in to reflection the allude of the human side of the equivalence whereas, CRM though relationship based, affects all formulation of add together mountain range and directly influence performance.More than likely, the base setup such as the nurture and technology systems needed to implement the add together mountain range system will be readily available and erect be executed almost immediately. evening with all this in place, there are instances where a number of tot al chain and customer relationships initiatives fail due to privation of communication or clear and pithy expectations from all parties involved. The customer relationship aspect is usually assumed by managers of a firm, and thus tries to merge the SCM and CRM, the result of state merger often end up being one the most difficult part of the integration.Maintaining a decent relationship mingled with the customer and vendors/supplier makes for a succinct SCM and CRM integration the two is critical to developing trust and essential to the succeeder of the firm. Trust building is essential in developing a relationship betwixt the SCM and CRM however, its an ongoing process that must be managed on a perpetual basis another(prenominal)wise it can be loss leaving the firm vulnerable. kindred supply chain management, customer relationship management is a critical subscriber to a firms survival, incorporating three integral portions, organisational, strategic and heathenish facto rs in order to succeed.However, unconnected SCM, Customer relationships management further breaks slash these components to further impact its implementation. On the organizational level, the firm takes a look at integration, commitment and system readiness and moreover, on the strategic issues, the firm considers vision planning and customer based cultured. Lastly, the 3rd component added to the mix for a victorious implementation is the cultural al-Qaeda which consists of networking and human interaction. All of these components and sub-parts combine with comprehensive customer friendship, contributes to a successful CRM implementation.This mode emphasizes the importance of constantly identifying and foregathering customers ever-changing needs by the facilitation of appropriate organizational structure and management forward motiones (Stefanou et al. 2003). By comparison in their come, the CRM unlike the SCM, establishes long-term relationships, combine with customer k nowledge and in most cases a customer-based-focus along with a determined strategy. By awing results, the long-term relation aspect of the CRM is fundamental and essential for the implementation. This notion is closely think to an awareness of the positive correlational statistics between customer retention and a companys profitability (Reichheld et al. , 2000). By the alike token both SCM and CRM lays claim to customer information playing a momentous role in their implementation and ultimately their success. In order to provide superior customer service, there is a authorized amount of search that goes into becoming acquainted(predicate) with the target market and by extension service the customer base within those markets.According to Winer, 2001, constructing a comprehensive customer information compose or database is the foundation for any CRM implementations. This method is similarly essential in the foundation of a SCM implementation. While the CRM primary approach is customer- pithed and looks to building long-term interaction with customers, the SCM tends to center its approach on process management and project initiatives in order to satisfy their customer needs. The ISO 9000 is a as welll implement to evaluate processes of a supplier through grading and registering.This tool helps suppliers and vendors keep cartroad of their systematic process and enable them to chit in line with amount practices. utility(a) Approaches to SCM and CRM In trying to perfect standard processes, there are utility(a) tools to the SCM and CRM system, which in turn contributes to improving products in order to meet customer needs. These tools or approaches can generally be employ in conjunction with SCM and CRM or individually. Quality solve Deployment (QFD) also known as accommodate of quality allows engineers and marketers to communicate effectively (Hauser and Clausing 1988).Another alternative approach is the Computer-aided design (CAD), which aids i n the design process. (Meredith 1987). Design of experiment (DOE) coordinates off-line functions which allow inputs to product and processes to be set up effectively for optimum customer comfort (Foster 2010). though there are more design approaches, one primary one worth mentioning is the Designs for construct (DFM). This approach is formulate to assist in the improvement of manufacture for products (AIAG 2008).The aforementioned approaches are not mean to be all-inclusive the intention is to spotlight a collection of tools use to improve quality and provide insights to the differences between SCM and CRM and the traditional operational system. Diverse Approaches Processing information can vary by cultural and social standings. These attributes allows managers to solve problems and process information differently. In some early research statistics shows that supply chain has significant correlation to marketing and logistics.From a research perspective, the supply chain field has essentially been a proponent for diverse management derivatives. Though research shows that theres very little differences in traditional and supply chain practices however, the gap in the differences in process between the SCM and CRM has close in the last few years. Executive outline The relationship between software systems that impact value chain management vary in all aspects of its functions traditionally, the Enterprise Resource planning systems (ERP) system is engineered to streamline business processes and connects their information and work flow.Similarly, the Supply Chain Management Systems incorporates activities between a firm and its vendors and by so doing, it too connects their information and work flow. The Customer Relationship Management System focuses on the customer interaction with emphasis on sales, customer service, and marketing, The management of the supply chain systems can be challenging in all(prenominal) aspect it requires constant supervision o f suppliers affirm to the point-of-origin and all goods/services out to the point-of-consumption capacity prove to be even more challenging.The get a line understanding is that managing these relationships could move to superpower in the supply chain industriousness including the supplier network which could provide opportunities to improve profits significantly. Ultimately, supply chain management is about establishing and managing relationships, in managing these relationships, a link is formed thereby establishing the customer relationship management process and the end result is a structure relationship between customers and suppliers. Studies show that the structure of activities within and between companies is a critical cornerstone of creating rummy and superior supply chain performance.The case allows for business processes if linked, increase in probable profitability while managing individual functions could lead to an effective management system. Study also shows that optimizing the product flow can be realized if a direct approach to business is implemented. Though the focus of this topic is the relationship between the supply chain management system and the customer relationship management system, the Global Supply Chain Forum has also recognized other management processes accordingly they are * Customer Service Management * Order fulfillment * Supplier Relationship Management buy the farm Management * Demand Management * Manufacturing catamenia Management These highly capable processes, have all been established and integrated into the supply chain management process, they all also have strategic and operational sub-processes. In order to examine how the process is implemented, the strategic sub-process provides the structure while the operational sub-process allows you to implement with detailed step-by-step instructions and furthermore, the strategic process is essential in integrating all departments in the supply chain process pro viding day-to-day functions operationally.Much like the supply chain management system, the customer relationship system provides structure however, the focus is principally on the relationships between the customers and the firm. This system provides key components on developing and maintain the relationships with could lead to long-term success. With most supply chain organization, decision on which customer base to target base on market analysis, these customers eventually becomes key target points for the firms business mission. Similarly, most of these decisions are made and put in place by a leadership police squad of the firm.The successful integration of the management systems across key components of the supply chain process will ultimately leads to a successful firm. Both the supply chain management and customer relationship management systems are successful when valuable resources are used proficiently. Research shows that when activities within a firm are implemented t hroughout the octet supply chain management process using cross-functional teams, the result is cross-functional relationships with customers and supplier. References Financial last Making for Managers Volume 1, 2011 * Supply Chain Management Vs. Customer Relationship Management htt//www. smallbusiness. chron. com/supply-chain-management-vs-customer-relationship-management. chron. com * Managing relationships in the Supply Chain http//scm. ncsu. edu/scm- binds/article/managing-relationships-in-the-supply-chain * Studying the Customer Relationship Management A Case Study at Persian Technology Firm. An Executive unofficial of Supply Chain Management Processes, Partnerships, mental process * Douglas M. Lambert

An Approach to Detect and Prevent Sql Injection Attacks in Database Using Web Service

IJCSNS outside(a) ledger of entropy processor eruditeness and Ne iirk Security, VOL. 11 no. 1, January 2011 197 An approach path to Detect and Prevent SQL shaft round downs in Database development weathervane serve well(p) IndraniBalasundaram 1 Dr. E. Ramaraj2 1 Lecturer, De break upment of ready reckoner Science, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 2 Director of computing device union Alagappa University, Karaikudi. Abstract SQL shooting is an fervency methodological compend that targets the info residing in a database by with(predicate) the firew distributively(prenominal) that shields it. The round off takes advantage of poor stimulant well-groundedation in decree and ebsite administration. SQL crack Attacks authorise when an assaulter is adapted to premise a series of SQL line of reasonings in to a interrogation by manipulating employmentr introduce data in to a mesh- ground coating, burn downer brush aside take advantages of blade dil igence programming security system flaws and pass unheralded spiteful SQL statements by dint of a weathervane act for achievement by the backend database. This stimulateup proposes a novel peculiar(prenominal)ation- ground methodology for the legal profession of SQL shaft Attacks. The two closely Coperni under social organization advantages of the new near against xisting analogous mechanisms ar that, outgrowth, it thwarts both piddles of SQL injection attacks second, Current proficiency does non lay off the substance absubstance ab exploiter to door way database without delay in database server. The innovative proficiency weathervane aid point XPATH earmark proficiency is to watch and hamper SQL stab Attacks in database the deployment of this proficiency is by generating functions of two filtration voguels that atomic number 18 busy safeguard and attend demodulator of use account books supererogatoryly allowing seamless integrating w ith currently-deployed systems. General TermsLanguages, Security, Verification, Experimentation. Keywords Database security, valet de chambre-wide electronic network, net diligence security, SQL injection attacks, Run date supervise changes to data. The fear of SQL injection attacks has mystify increasely frequent and serious. . SQL-Injection Attacks argon a class of attacks that some(prenominal) of these systems ar passing penetrable to, and there is no cognize fool-proof defend against such(prenominal) attacks. Compromise of these web finishs repre directs a serious threat to organizations that obligate deployed them, and also to drug exploiters who trust these systems to store private data. The blade applications hat atomic number 18 unguarded to SQL-Injection attacks user commentarys the attackers embeds teachings and gets put to death 4. The attackers straight off opening the database underlying an application and leak or alter mystic field of fo rce and sue cattish work out 12. In some cases, attackers even use an SQL Injection vulner talent to take book and corrupt the system that hosts the Web application. The increasing number of web applications falling pit to these attacks is alarmingly high 3 Prevention of SQLIAs is a major challenge. It is difficult to down and enforce a rigorous protective coding discip neckcloth. M all olutions based on defensive coding address however a sub congeal of the potential attacks. Evaluation of Web good Oriented XPATH Au indeedtication proficiency has no mandate change as well as automation of contracting and stopion of SQL Injection Attacks. Recent U. S. pains regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act 5 pertaining to information security, exertion to enforce strict security compliance by application vendors. 1. mental home 1. 1 SAMPLE APPLICATION knowledge is the most important business addition in todays surround and achieving an appropriate take of info Securit y. SQL-Injection Attacks (SQLIAs) re one of the topmost threats for web application security. For vitrine financial fraud, theft mysterious data, deface website, sabotage, espionage and cyber terrorism. The evaluation process of security tools for find oneselfive work and stopion of SQLIAs. To implement security guidelines inside or outside the database it is recommended to annoy the sensitive databases should be overseeed. It is a hacking technique in which the attacker adds SQL statements done a web applications comment fields or hidden parametric quantitys to gain bother to resources or make Application that contain SQL Injection vulnerability.The font refers to a fairly transp bent vulnerability that could be prevented victimisation a straightforward coding fix. This example is merely apply for illustrative purposes because it is easy to go through and general enough to exemplify many brandable attributes of attacks. The cypher in the example uses the i nput parameters LoginID, word to dynami offery th actors line an SQL interrogatory and submit it to a database. For example, if a user submits loginID and password as abstruse, and 123, the application dynamically reachs and submits the interrogative displaceence Manu handwriting reliable January 5, 2011 Manuscript revised January 20, 2011 198IJCSNS inter home(a)istic diary of computing machine Science and net income Security, VOL. 11 zero(prenominal) 1, January 2011 assign * from FROM loginID= whodunit AND pass1=123 user_info WHERE If the loginID and password rack up the corresponding enattempt in the database, it volition be redirect to user_main. aspx scallywag other(a) wise it will be redirect to error. aspx page. 1. dim loginId, intelligence as drawstring 2. loginId = school textual matter1. Text 3. password = Text2. Text 3. cn. open() 4. qry= charter * from user_info where LoginID= &038 loginID &038 and pass1= &038 password &038 5. cmd=new sql educatio nal activity(qry,cn) 6. rd=cmd. executereader() 7. if (rd. allege=True) Then 8. Response. redirect(user_main. spx) 9. else 10. Response. redirect(error. aspx) 11. end if 12. cn. close() 13. cmd. dispose() b. Union interview In union- interrogate attacks, Attackers do this by injecting a statement of the form yoke SELECT because the attackers completely control the second/injected interrogation they can use that interrogation to bump information from a specified table. The resoluteness of this attack is that the database returns a dataset that is the union of the receptions of the passe-partout first interrogatory and the gists of the injected second question. sheath An attacker could inject the text UNION SELECT pass1 from user_info where LoginID= mystic - nto the login field, which produces the hobby dubiousness SELECT pass1 FROM user_info WHERE loginID= UNION SELECT pass1 from user_info where LoginID=secret &8212 AND pass1= Assuming that there is no login rival to , the original first query returns the zipper set, whereas the second query returns data from the user_info table. In this case, the database would return column pass1 for method of ac directing secret. The database takes the passs of these two queries, unions them, and returns them to the application. In many applications, the motion of this operation is that the apprize for pass1 is displayed a ample with the ac seem informationFigure 1 mannequin of . NET formula implementation. 1. 2 Techniques of SQLIAS Most of the attacks ar non in isolated they are used together or sequentially, depending on the specific goals of the attacker. a. Tautologies Tautology-based attack is to inject code in one or to a greater extent conditional statements so that they al slipway guess to true. The most putting green usages of this technique are to bypass hallmark pages and extract data. If the attack is flourishing when the code either displays all of the returned records or perpetr ates some action if at least one record is returned. Example In this example attack, an attacker submits or 1=1 -The enquiry for Login mode is SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE loginID= or 1=1 AND pass1= The code injected in the conditional (OR 1=1) transforms the entire WHERE clause into a surplusage the query evaluates to true for each row in the table and returns all of them. In our example, the returned set evaluates to a not profitless survey, which causes the application to conclude that the user au sotication was successful. Therefore, the application would invoke method user_main. aspx and to opening the application 6 7 8. c. Stored Procedures SQL Injection Attacks of this type try to execute stored social occasions present in the database.Today, most database vendors ship databases with a standard set of stored mathematical processs that extend the functionality of the database and allow for interaction with the run system. Therefore, once an attacker determines whi ch backend database is in use, SQLIAs can be crafted to execute stored purposes contributed by that specific database, including effects that interact with the operating system. It is a car park misconception that using stored mathematical operations to write Web applications renders them defendable to SQLIAs. Developers are lots surprised to observe that their stored procedures can be just as vulnerable o attacks as their habitual applications 18, 24. Additionally, because stored procedures are often written in special scripting languages, they can contain other types of vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, that allow attackers to run arbitrary code on the server or escalate their privileges. prepare office DBO. UserValid(LoginID varchar2, pass1 varchar2 AS EXEC(SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE loginID= email&clxprotected+ and pass1= email&160protected+ )GO Example This example trys how a parameterized stored procedure can be exploited via an SQLIA. In the example, we assume that the query string traceed at ines 5, 6 and 7 of our example has been replaced by a call IJCSNS external diary of Computer Science and network Security, VOL. 11 zero(prenominal) 1, January 2011 to the stored procedure defined in Figure 2. The stored procedure returns a true/ simulated set to indicate whether the users corroboration au whenceticated correctly. To launch an SQLIA, the attacker exactly if injects SHUTDOWN into either the LoginID or pass1 fields. This injection causes the stored procedure to fork out the pursuance query SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE loginID=secret AND pass1= SHUTDOWN -At this taper, this attack works like a piggy-back attack.The first query is executed normally, and then the second, spiteful query is executed, which precedes in a database fill up down. This example shows that stored procedures can be vulnerable to the alike(p) range of attacks as tralatitious application code 6 11 12 10 13 14 15. d. Extended stored proc edures IIS(Internet Information Services) Reset There are several(prenominal) protracted stored procedures that can cause durable damage to a system19. Extended stored procedure can be executed by using login form with an injected demand as the LoginId LoginIdexecmaster.. xp_xxx-PasswordAnything LoginIdexecmaster.. p_cmdshelliisreset-PasswordAnything select password from user_info where LoginId= exec master.. xp_cmdshell iisreset and Password= This Attack is used to stop the renovation of the web server of particular Web application. Stored procedures mainly consist of SQL commands, while XPs can add entirely new functions via their code. An attacker can take advantage of extended stored procedure by entering a satisfactory command. This is potential if there is no tight-laced input validation. xp_cmdshell is a built-in extended stored procedure that allows the execution of arbitrary command lines. For example exec master.. p_cmdshell dir will obtain a directory listing of the current working directory of the SQL legion process. In this example, the attacker may try entering the following input into a seek form can be used for the attack. When the query string is parsed and sent to SQL host, the server will process the following code SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE input text = exec master.. xp_cmdshell LoginId /DELETE 199 Here, the first individual(a) quote entered by the user closes the string and SQL Server executes the future(a) SQL statements in the batch including a command to delete a LoginId to the user_info table in the database. . Alternate Encodings Alternate encodes do not provide any unique way to attack an application they are haltely an enabling technique that allows attackers to besiege nameion and prevention techniques and exploit vulnerabilities that baron not otherwise be exploitable. These evasion techniques are often necessary because a common defensive coding practice is to view for authoritative cognize bad parts, such as single quotes and comment operators. To evade this justification, attackers get under ones skin employed twitch methods of encode their attack strings (e. g. , using hexadecimal, ASCII, and Unicode reference encoding).Common scanning and detection techniques do not try to evaluate all especially encoded strings, thusly allowing these attacks to go undetected. Contributing to the paradox is that different beds in an application pose different ways of handling alternate encodings. The application may scan for certain types of escape characters that embody alternate encodings in its language domain. Another layer (e. g. , the database) may use different escape characters or even completely different ways of encoding. For example, a database could use the expression char(120) to represent an alternately-encoded character x, but char(120) has no special meaning in the application languages context. An efficacious code-based defense against alternate encodings is difficu lt to implement in practice because it requires developers to escort of all of the possible encodings that could affect a given query string as it passes through the different application layers. Therefore, attackers find been very successful in using alternate encodings to cover their attack strings. Example Because every type of attack could be represented using an alternate encoding, here we simply provide an example of how esoteric an alternativelyencoded attack could appear.In this attack, the following text is injected into the login field secret exec(0x73687574646f776e) . The resulting query generated by the application is SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE loginID=secret exec(char(0x73687574646f776e)) &8212 AND pass1= This example makes use of the char() function and of ASCII hexadecimal encoding. The char() function takes as a parameter an integer or hexadecimal encoding of a character and returns an instance of that character. The rain buckets of numbers in the second part of the injection is the 200 IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. , January 2011 ASCII hexadecimal encoding of the string SHUTDOWN. Therefore, when the query is interpreted by the database, it would result in the execution, by the database, of the SHUTDOWN command. References 6 f. get across Database religious advantage This attack used in the websites to issue a denial of service by shutting down the SQL Server. A powerful command recognized by SQL Server is SHUTDOWN WITH zero(prenominal)AIT 19. This causes the server to shutdown, right off stopping the Windows service. After this command has been issued, the service must be manually resumeed by the administrator. select password from user_info whereLoginId=shutdown with nowait and Password=0 The character sequence is the single line comment sequence in Transact SQL, and the character denotes the end of one query and the closure of another. If he has used the default sa acco unt, or has acquired the required privileges, SQL server will shut down, and will require a restart in order to function again. This attack is used to stop the database service of a particular web application. Select * from user_info where LoginId=1xp_cmdshell format c/q /yes chuck out database mydb AND pass1 = 0 This command is used to format the C drive used by the ttacker. 2. associate Work There are existent techniques that can be used to detect and prevent input manipulation vulnerabilities. 2. 1 Web Vulnerability Scanning Web vulnerability scanners crawl and scan for web vulnerabilities by using parcel agents. These tools perform attacks against web applications, usually in a black-box fashion, and detect vulnerabilities by observing the applications response to the attacks 18. However, without exact knowledge about the interior(a) structure of applications, a black-box appeal might not have enough try cases to reveal exist vulnerabilities and also have alse verificat orys. 2. 2 Intrusion staining arranging (IDS) Valeur and colleagues 17 propose the use of an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to detect SQLIA. Their IDS system is based on a machine learning technique that is trained using a set of typical application queries. The technique wee-wees warnings of the typical queries and then monitors the application at run metre to identify queries that do not match the warning in that it builds expected query models and then checks dynamically-generated queries for compliance with the model. Their technique, however, like most techniques based on learning, can generate large umber of senseless positive in the absence of an optimal training set. Su and Wassermann 8 propose a solution to prevent SQLIAs by analyzing the parse tree of the statement, generating consumption validation code, and wrapping the vulnerable statement in the validation code. They conducted a study using five real world web applications and applied their SQLCHECK wrapper to each application. They found that their wrapper stopped all of the SQLIAs in their attack set without generating any false positives. While their wrapper was effective in preventing SQLIAs with modern attack structures, we forecast to shift the focus rom the structure of the attacks and onto removing the SQLIVs. 2. 3 Combined Static and propulsive Analysis. blackout is a model-based technique that combines passive digest and run era monitoring 17. In its static phase, AMNESIA uses static analysis to build models of the different types of queries an application can lawfully generate at each point of door to the database. In its dynamic phase, AMNESIA intercepts all queries before they are sent to the database and checks each query against the statically built models. Queries that attack the model are identified as SQLIAs and prevented from executing on the database.In their evaluation, the authors have shown that this technique performs well against SQLIAs. The elementary c onfinement of this technique is that its success is dependent on the accuracy of its static analysis for grammatical construction query models. Certain types of code bemusement or query development techniques could make this step less precise and result in both false positives and false negatives Livshits and Lam 16 use static analysis techniques to detect vulnerabilities in software. The basic approach is to use information flow techniques to detect when tainted input has been used to construct an SQL query. These ueries are then signaliseged as SQLIA vulnerabilities. The authors demonstrate the viability of their technique by using this approach to find security vulnerabilities in a benchmark suite. The primary limitation of this approach is that it can detect only known patterns of SQLIAs and, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 1, January 2011 because it uses a conservative analysis and has restrict support for untainting operati ons, can generate a relatively high amount of false positives. Wassermann and Su propose an approach that uses static analysis combined with automated reasoning to see to it that he SQL queries generated in the application layer cannot contain a tautology 9. The primary drawback of this technique is that its scope is limited to sight and preventing tautologies and cannot detect other types of attacks. 3. Proposed Technique This Technique is used to detect and prevent SQLIAs with runtime monitoring. The solution insights behind the technique are that for each application, when the login page is redirected to our checking page, it was to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks without stopping true(a) accesses. Moreover, this technique proved to be efficient, imposing only a low overhead on the Web pplications. The contribution of this work is as follows A new automated technique for preventing SQLIAs where no code modification required, Webservice which has the functions of db_2 _XMLGenrerator and XPATH_ Validator such that it is an XML query language to select specific parts of an XML memorandum. XPATH is simply the ability to traverse guests from XML and obtain information. It is used for the shipboard storage of sensitive datas from the database, Active Guard model is used to detect and prevent SQL Injection attacks. Service sensing element model allow the demonstrate or licit user to access the web applications.The SQLIAs are captured by altered logical flow of the application. modern technique ( plan1) monitors dynamically generated queries with Active Guard model and Service sensor model at runtime and check them for compliance. If the Data affinity violates the model then it represents potential SQLIAs and prevented from executing on the database. This proposed technique consists of two filtration models to prevent SQLIAS. 1) Active Guard filtration model 2) Service sensor filtration model. The steps are summarized and then describe them in much detail in following sections. a. Active Guard Filtration formActive Guard Filtration Model in application layer build a power detector to detect and prevent the Susceptibility characters or Meta characters to prevent the cattish attacks from accessing the datas from database. b. Service sensor Filtration Model Service sensor Filtration Model in application layer clears user input from XPATH_Validator where the mad datas are stored from the Database at second 201 level filtration model. The user input fields contrast with the data existed in XPATH_Validator if it is identical then the manifest /legitimate user is allowed to proceed. c. Web Service LayerWeb service builds two types of execution process that are DB_2_Xml origin and XPATH_ Validator. DB_2_Xml generator is used to create a recite temporary storage of Xml document from database where the Sensitive datas are stored in XPATH_ Validator, The user input field from the Service sensing element equate with the data existed in XPATH_ Validator, if the datas are like XPATH_ Validator depute a flag with the count iterator value = 1 to the Service Detector by signifying the user data is valid. Procedures execute in Active Guard right stripQuotes(ByVal strWords) stripQuotes = Replace(strWords, , ) go across stripQuotesEnd lam Function killChars(ByVal strWords) deadening arr1 As unseasoned ArrayList arr1. Add(select) arr1. Add() arr1. Add(drop) arr1. Add() arr1. Add(insert) arr1. Add(delete) arr1. Add(xp_) arr1. Add() Dim i As Integer For i = 0 To arr1. Count 1 strWords = Replace(strWords, arr1. Item(i), , , , CompareMethod. Text) Next come strWords End Function IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 1, January 2011 202 Figure 2 proposed estimator architecture Procedures Executed in Service Detector navi. Compile(/Main_Tag/ flesh outLoginId= &038 userName &038 and Password= &038 Password &038 ) _Public Sub Db_2_XML() hold=New SqlDataAdapt er(select LoginId,Password from user_info, cn) Dim nodes As XPathNodeIterator = navi. Select(expr) Dim count2 As Integer = nodes. Count. ToString() Return count2 dst = New DataSet(Main_Tag) End Function adapt. Fill(dst, Details) dst. WriteXml(Server. MapPath(XML_DATAXML_D ATA. xml)) End Sub Procedures Executed in Web Service _ Public Function XPath_XML_Validation(ByVal userName As String, ByVal Password As Integer) As Integer Dim xpathdoc As New XPathDocument(Server. MapPath(XML_DATAX ML_DATA. xml)) Dim navi As XPathNavigator = xpathdoc. CreateNavigator() Dim expr As XPathExpression = . Identify hotspot This step performs a simple scanning of the application code to identify hotspots. Each hotspot will be verified with the Active Server to remove the susceptibility character the ingest code (figure 2) states two hotspots with a single query execution. (In . NET based applications, interactions with the database occur through calls to specific methods in the System. Data. Sqlclient namespace, 1 such as Sqlcommand- . ExecuteReader (String)) the hotspot is instrumented with monitor code, which matches dynamically generated queries against query models. If a generated query is matched with Active Guard, then it is onsidered an attack. 3. 1 similarity of Data at Runtime Monitoring When a Web application fails to properly sanitise the parameters, which are passed to, dynamically created SQL statements (even when using parameterization techniques) it is possible for an attacker to alter the construction of back-end SQL statements. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 1, January 2011 When an attacker is able to modify an SQL statement, the statement will execute with the same rights as the application user when using the SQL server to execute commands that interact with the operating system, the rocess will run with the same permissions as the component that executed the command (e. g. , database server, application ser ver, or Web server), which is often highly privileged. Current technique (Figure 1) sum up with Active Guard, to validate the user input fields to detect the Meta character and prevent the malicious attacker. Transact-SQL statements will be veto directly from user input. For each hotspot, statically build a Susceptibility detector in Active Guard to check any malicious strings or characters flip-flop SQL tokens (SQL keywords and operators), delimiters, or string tokens to the legitimate command.Concurrently in Web service the DB_2_Xml Generator generates a XML document from database and stored in X_PATH Validator. Service Detector receive the pass user input from Active Guard and send through the communications communications protocol SOAP (Simple Object doorway Protocol) to the web service from the web service the user input data compare with XML_Validator if it is identical the XML_Validator send a flag as a iterator count value = 1 to Service Detector through the SOAP proto col then the legitimate/valid user is Authenticated to access the web application, If the data mismatches the XML_Validator send a flag as a count alue = 0 to Service Detector through the SOAP protocol then the outlaw(prenominal)/invalid user is not Authenticated to access the web application. In figure 3 In the existing technique query validation occur to validate a Authenticated user and the user directly access the database but in the current technique, there is no query validation . From the Active Guard the pass user input fields compare with the Service Detector where the Sensitive data is stored, db_2_XML Generator is used to generate a XML file and initialize to the class XPATH document the instance Navigator is used to search by using cursor in the selected XML document.With in the XPATH validator, Compile is a method which is used to match the element with the existing document. The navigator will be created in the xpathdocument using select method result will be redirec ted to the XPATH node iterator. The node iterator count value may be 1 or 0, If the flag value result in Service Detector as 1 then the user consider as Legitimate user and allowed to access the web application as the same the flag value result in Service Detector as 0 then the user consider as Malicious user and dissent/discard from accessing the web application If the script builds an SQL query by concatenating hard-coded trings together with a string entered by the user, As long as injected SQL code is syntactically correct, monkey cannot be detected programmatically. String mountain chain is the primary point of entry for script injection Therefore, 203 we Compare all user input carefully with Service Detector (Second filtration model). If the user input and Sensitive datas are identical then executes constructed SQL commands in the Application server. quick techniques directly allows accessing the database in database server after the Query validation. Web Service Oriented XPATH enfranchisement Technique does not allow directly to ccess database in database server. 4. EVALUATIONS The proposed technique is deployed and tried some trial runs on the web server. flurry 1 SQLIAS Prevention truth SQL Injection Types Unprotected Protected 1. TAUTOLOGIES non Prevented Prevented 2. PIGGY BACKED QUERIES non Prevented Prevented 3. STORED PROCEDURE Not Prevented Prevented 4. ALTERNATIVE ENCODING Not Prevented Prevented 5. UNION Not Prevented Prevented circuit board 2 execution sentence comparison for proposed technique conglomeration Number of Entries in Database Execution Time in Millisecond lively Proposed Technique Technique 1000 1640000 46000 2000 1420000 93000 3000 1040000 6000 4000 1210000 62000 5000 1670000 78000 6000 1390000 107000 The supra given table 2 illustrate the execution time taken for the proposed technique with the existing technique. 4. 1 SQLIA Prevention accuracy Both the protected and unprotected web Applications are tested using different types of SQLIAs namely use of Tautologies, Union, Piggy-Backed Queries, Inserting additional SQL statements, Second-order SQL injection and various other SQLIA s. Table 1 shows that the proposed technique prevented all types of SQLIA s in all cases. The proposed technique is thus a secure and robust solution to defend against SQLIAsIJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 1, January 2011 204 4. 2 Execution Time at Runtime Validation The runtime validation incurs some overhead in terms of execution time at both the Web Service Oriented XPATH certificate Technique and SQL-Query based Validation Technique. Taken a try website ETransaction measured the extra computation time at the query validation, this delay has been amplified in the graph (figure 4 and figure5) to distinguish between the Time delays using bar chart shows that the data validation in XML_Validator performs better than query validation.In Query validation(figure5) t he user input is generated as a query in script engine then it gets parsed in to separate tokens then the user input is compared with the statistical generated data if it is malicious generates error reporting. Web Service Oriented XPATH Authentication Technique (figure 4) states that user input is generated as a query in script engine then it gets parsed in to separate tokens, and send through the protocol SOAP to Susceptibility Detector, then the authorize user data is sequentially send to Service Detector through the protocol SOAP then the user input is ompared with the sensitive data, which is temporarily stored in dataset. If it is malicious data, it will be prevented otherwise the legitimate data is allowed to access the Web application. 5. end SQL Injection Attacks attempts to modify the parameters of a Web-based application in order to alter the SQL statements that are parsed to retrieve data from the database. Any procedure that constructs SQL statements could potentially be vulnerable, as the different nature of SQL and the methods available for constructing it provide a wealth of coding options. 1800000 Execution time in Milli Sec 1600000 1400000 1200000 000000 Proposed Technique Existing Technique 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Total Number of Entries in Database Figure4 Execution Time comparison for proposed technique (data validation in X-path) with existing technique The primary form of SQL injection consists of direct insertion of code into parameters that are concatenated with SQL commands and executed. This technique is used to detect and prevent the SQLI flaw (Susceptibility characters &038 exploiting SQL commands) in Susceptibility Detector and prevent the Susceptibility attacker Web Service Oriented XPATH Authentication Technique hecks the user input with valid database which is stored separately in XPATH and do not affect database directly then the validated user input field is allowed to access the web app lication as well as used to improve the surgical operation of the server side validation This proposed technique was able to suitably classify the attacks that performed on the applications without blocking legitimate accesses to the database (i. e. , the technique produced incomplete false positives nor false negatives). These results show that our technique represents a promising approach to countering SQLIAs and motivate further work in this irection References 1 William G. J. Halfond and Alessandro Orso , AMNESIA Analysis and Monitoring for Neutralizing SQLInjection Attacks, ASE05, November 711, 2005 2 William G. J. Hal fond and Alessandro Orso, A Classification of SQL injection attacks and countermeasures,proc IEEE intl Symp. Secure packet Engg. , Mar. 2006. IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, VOL. 11 No. 1, January 2011 3 Muthuprasanna, Ke Wei, Suraj Kothari, Eliminating SQL Injection Attacks A TransparentDefenceMechanism, SQL Injection A ttacks Prof. Jim whitenhead CMPS 183. Spring 2006, whitethorn 17, 2006 4 William G. J. Hal fond, Alessandro Orso, WASP Protecting Web Applications Using Positive Tainting and Syntax-Aware Evaluation IEEE Software Engineering, VOL. 34, NO. 1January/February 2008 5 K. Beaver, Achieving Sarbanes-Oxley compliance for Web applications, http//www. spidynamics. com/support/white text file/, 2003 6 C. Anley, advance SQL Injection In SQL Server Applications, exsanguinous paper, Next Generation Security Software Ltd. , 2002. 7 W. G. J. Halfond and A. Orso, Combining Static Analysis and Runtime Monitoring to Counter SQL Injection Attacks, 3rd International store on Dynamic Analysis, 2005, pp. 7 8 Z. Su and G. Wassermann, The Essence of Command Injection Attacks in Web Applications, 33rd ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of computer programing Languages, 2006, pp. 372-382. 9 G. Wassermann and Z. Su. An Analysis Framework for Security in Web Applications. In Proceedings of the FSE Workshop on Specification and Verification of componentBased Systems (SAVCBS 2004), pages 7078, 2004. 10 P. Finnigan, SQL Injection and Oracle Parts 1 &038 2, good Report, Security Focus, November 2002. http//securityfocus. com/infocus/1644 11 F. Bouma, Stored Procedures are Bad, Okay, Technical report,Asp. Net Weblogs, November 2003. http//weblogs. asp. net/fbouma/ instrument/2003/11/18/38178. as px. 12 E. M. Fayo, march on SQL Injection in Oracle Databases, Technical report, Argeniss Information Security, bare Hat Briefings, Black Hat USA, 2005. 13 C. A. Mackay, SQL Injection Attacks and Some Tips on How to Prevent them, Technical report, The Code Project, January 2005. http//www. codeproject. com/cs/database/ qlInjectionAttacks. asp. 14 S. McDonald. SQL Injection Modes of attack, defense, and why it matters. White paper, GovernmentSecurity. org, April 2002. http//www. governmentsecurity. rg/articles/SQLInjectionM odesofAttackDefenceandWhyItMatters. php 15 S. labs. SQL Injec tion. White paper, SPI Dynamics, Inc. ,2002. http//www. spidynamics. com/assets/documents/Whitepaper SQLInjection. pdf. 16 V. B. Livshits and M. S. Lam. Finding Security Errors in umber Programs with Static Analysis. In Proceedings of the fourteenth Usenix Security Symposium, pages 271286, Aug. 2005. 17 F. Valeur and D. Mutz and G. Vigna A Learning-Based Approach to the Detection of SQL Attacks, In Proceedings of the company on Detection of Intrusions and Malware Vulnerability estimate (DIMVA), July 2005. 18 Kals, S. Kirda, E. , Kruegel, C. , and Jovanovic, N. 2006. SecuBat a web vulnerability scanner. In Proceedings of the 205 15th International conference on World Wide Web. network 06. ACM Press, pp. 247-256. 19 Sql injection HSC Guides Web App Security write by Ethical Hacker sunday, 17 February 2008. http//sqlinjections. blogspot. com/2009/04/sql-injection-hscguides-web-app. html. Prof. E. Ramaraj is presently working as a Technology Advisor, Madurai Kamaraj University, M adurai, Tamilnadu, India on lien from Director, computer centre at Alagappa university, Karaikudi. He has 22 years teaching experience and 8 years esearch experience. He has presented research papers in more than 50 national and external conferences and published more than 55 papers in national and international journals. His research areas imply Data mining, software engineering, database and network security. B. Indrani received the B. Sc. degree in Computer Science, in 2002 the M. Sc. degree in Computer Science and Information Technology, in 2004. She had completed M. Phil. in Computer Science. She worked as a Research Assistant in Smart and Secure Environment Lab under IIT, Madras. Her current research interests include Database Security.