Are Women More Law Abiding Than Men?

The Australian Wo handss Weekly (1933 1982), Wednesday 26 April 1967, page 4, 5 WOMEN ARE REALLY YES, at that place is in ? ail very some wo men atomic number 18 that be pull in the average woman opportunities for law-breaking than the could it discovered . . . AND, offenders National depository library of Australia atomic number 18 BUT . .. has fewer man? be thal fewer crimes by THE . women , . OR are of those discovered, fewer taken to chat up? http//nla. gov. au/nla. news-article51272975 I talked to Mr. Gordon senior lecturer at Hawkins, // men like were close jails. up stopped me Comptroller our in of gone to instantly went At the could mrtu completelyy we startlingThis come upon him from the gradeer of my head. he said, there are moment, It from figures, to every ing 40 to to item disparity enormous crimes, must Interestingly, Either that, said Mr. theyve got men I decided it where have following subject, 6, I dis- there were prisons, Melbourne or enraged and neglige nt 172 act daily Welfare average for Queensland four tern 25 1100 was men In South women. and Aus- with women. the Child of Department N. S. W. prisons For by omission, or and men I checked The women. driving, 21 men and no women. inflicting natural harm prisoners in male make to see if the pat- ith juvenile, so teenage, crime. The figures subsume to male childs and girls aged eight to 18. held called tralia ratio the was 864 In Perth it to every men to men 50 Here samples of the 30 a la mode(p) trial 1964, 52 for murder, of figures N. S. W. s to a faultd men and In 1955-56, man couple a by the Department In 940 women. released Police women. about was are 1966 over eight to)d 5905 spokes- a court there appearances under charged boys Crimes 364 by Act. There were by the were girls. We time me, five about accommodation need the women. In men the course of instruction 13,850 arrested for lar- same were ceny, and only 2054 Then here were women. the serious driving offences For bodily harm by for boys need for on parole than we girls. States Other Australian similar ratio, a show very so does New Zealand. inflicting wanton or furious I talked to Mr. more For led. ON covered 60 countries are Morony, grinning, or pursue the to women do their dirty work for them. to February 2200 womanish more it that means you think to men? asked. morally superior I egg-producing(prenominal), ris- in certain such as mean something. Do male burglary. it surely one the by eight arrests An percent. American compiled show FBI, from varies latest The he the ver country, ranging to five to 25 men prisons to every woman. in NJS. W. all me, world. country 40 a exists, disparity told out Uni- School, prison governor. The J. Mr. Crimin- Sydney practice of law versity some other matter, on ology the at statement tracks. It came my Prisons for NSW. , Morony. Vd which women of Institute the . Gordon where there crime is in women freedom. example, its 2744 Where women their crim e to in one Tunis, plainly Belgium. 342 Heres another ing and Algeria point, to interest- culled world-wide in one from criminal istics the crime of for It normally declines post-war as things derive back o normal. disparity between This male and female crime has, it been noted for seems, centuries. criminologists face women less criminal, and looked for explanations. found in biological the said, than Others in roles lamed women, the By an the by and one answer and in the in great world, the other the home,, removed from temptation and opportunity. if they will in the cause the added, change society two causes, social. situation role combined mit for lifting, thefts biological The tistics pfain there, daylight, and the staas figures The Criminality of prostiby thefts perjury, domestic servants, ccusations, infanti- abortion. cide, and social lack of Also writes, he opportunity, the be rather many in women to instigator the the performer than act. (In Mr. Moronys more Women phr ase, pictorial to men their do dirty for them. ) work in- accomplices and frequently escape detected, contracting or, if And stigators often A punishment. escape womans likely she a were reluctant Juries are let her to than her charges against man. rnore are her arrest likely to more to off. shopper, at victim male prefer less the is harder shoplifting traditional detec to than a man. long time 0 curiously in these elf-service merchandising Though lie. poison, prostitutes, by itself, against In example, by Woman, figures themselves. were and shop- murders false Pol insisted Dr. reported, lak under- grossly are Policemen the quarrelled with couldnt is womens expands. mis- give an inaccu consecrate female, because masked crime tends to be often undetected, unreported, unpunished. comThe crimes women social, as Still others hardly a(prenominal) is The They have antithetical men an leading. of the overt men. found society, with up unannounced conclusion figures themselves aux cases women submissive more conformist And came forces answer ifferences. they nature, in figures cogitate by nature are Some are have the value, that just about Pollak tution simply accepted at and picture men. gradually Many Barnes female dramatically women are wartime, when doing and jobs taking reserved Criminality of published by Co. , New York, ( American in 1950), the criminologist Dr. Otto in responsibility The Women stat- rises rate rises rate In dramatically freer, are crimes by women property dramatically during cxv e w*r during w*r LAW-ABIDING SEX? of reasons can in explana- sorts be advanced tion, A warder in the womens section at Sydneys LongBay cast aside watches prisoners in the exercise yard, lts . Mr. Hawkins The American ogist Talcott said. sociol- Parsons puts lot of stress on the different upbringings a of hardly crowded. and boys girl into girls. You initiate a *be homemaker-tnother KAY By KEAVNEY from earliest watch can this role. society time, presumably a s opporwiden, women are often charged with approximately alas, their against gible, nearest tery has dearest and most accessible, the family or the neighbor. Assault, for instance, And womans roles child parer, and nurse sick give her some are not opportunities available to Of The isnt goingHence theyre suffer from frus- to Girls are constantly conditioned to be feminine, boys to be strong, that is, tough, aggressive, by charac- of female crime, the is experts agree, violence but deceit. And competitive, with not tence sion Inside the categorization home, gruesome tend to opportunities their use sex in a of ways, especially as decoys when working with a male accomplice. Dr. Pollak blames both female biology and society this deceitfulness. One way and another, he probably proves his theory that a greater proportion of and all in all, self defence. criminals women insis- an self-help, on save for nrealistic, true. bound women. marked something and trations. which are most teristi c the murderers pilots, to come men. most boy example something that grue- all poison, mys- be initiated. to heroic pre- of certain a boy. The cover no space traditional food rearer, of to home-maker, as the Girls in their play tend for the mother prepare role. Boys play at being is a husband, neighbor. or jobs are_ and intan- something to in which generally against lover, rival, for so sons. fathers Many often and most and pretty abstract crimes against the person. And, isnt this fathers tunities times. She her mother n But in our urban certain aggresoffice. or put into action. to Girls deviate from the in a difpermissible form ferent boys. from way Mostly they want to jump the gun to play their conventional roles but at a premature When its rates of crime. things of reasons wants boy, frustrated, turns to and dreams fantasies likely hes all too which proportion of crimes go undetected, unreported, uncharged, or unpunished. But, in Mr. Hawkins opinion, even allowing for all the factors Dr. Pollak brings forward, til now you get a wide disparity between male and female sorts one factory a The female All no in

Critical Literacy

Read the word to read the world. (Freire) Being littlely literate person is not just about being adapted to take c are words. It is about reading, listening, or hearing texts and coming up with your profess thoughts on them. Being open to discuss your thoughts between many different the great unwashed using your life and knowledge as a baseline. Critically literate citizens repugn thoughts by advocating as well as being bustling in their govern handst. An activist uses literacy to critically understand and challenge social and policy-making power.Activists enjoy collaborating with former(a) groups to change attitudes, policies, and laws. They use and interpret language to challenge and shape themselves and institutions. Illegal immigrant supporters are a good example of critical literacy. How you perceive what you read will enforce if you are on the pro- or anti- side of the debate. Asking a simple question about The join States jobs you will receive many different answer s based on the knowledge and understanding of the particular person you are asking.Some activists believe that illegal immigrants encourage the economy by working for low costs. Others believe they take U. S jobs that citizens could benefit from regardless of wage. Using the knowledge they fall in obtained from news casters, articles, and otherwise people they dissect the selective information to come up with their stance. Activists then(prenominal) are able to knowledgeably speak out about the changes they want to achieve. The Communists Manifesto, by Karl Marx, is a critically literate entertain that brings to light what Marx believes as class struggles and problems of capitalism.The book gives readers an understanding of Marxs theories about society and politics. Bell Hooks, a feminist, feels that literacy is essential to the emerging of the feminist movement because the lack of reading, writing, and critical skills serves to exclude many women and men from feminist consci ousness. Not only that, it excludes many from the political process and the childbed market. (infed. org) Thomas Jefferson felt that Information is the currency of democracy. Cutting apart the information will give you a better sense of the disposal and your rights.Jefferson believed thither was a correlation between literacy, citizenship and successful self-government. (Sparagana) When you are well-informed then you could be trusted with your get government. Using media outlets and websites people stomach the luck to critique news articles, get people to notice their problems, and ask government officials the questions they have. Do a search for a news outlets website and article after(prenominal) article will have a spot to post your judicial decision as well as question the writers point of view and the opinions of others who have posted.Having the internet easily accessible makes it even easier to keep tabs on the government. Having give way options to ask or write your p resident or any other elected official questions from the information you have obtained will make it easier to have a discussion and either change their minds or have your own changed. Being able to critically look at the texts you are able to challenge government in a way to make your own voice heard. Critical literacy is important knowledge to have.Without it you would not be able to form your own opinions and not be able to understand the opinions of others. Having exemption of speech is a precious thing that we all should take reinforcement of. We are given a voice to to speak what we feel regarding all(prenominal) aspect of our lives. A critically literate citizen is necessary for a significant participation in society. Whether it is to have an in-depth discussion with your friends, writing and reading books, or watching a movie critical literacy brings meaning to your life.

Why I Want to Become a Radiologic Technologist

I would like to hunch over if this essay is okay. Please withstand me some feed back. I wrote the letter double space. Should it be virtuoso space? I also have my name and the desired curriculum on the top left-hand(a) hand. I am non a striking writer and my grammar sucks. My Purpose in Life It is not rough to write to the highest degree why I want to be a radiographer. Some concourse may tend to sit in face up of the screen thinking for minutes or hours to write the first sentence. It was childly for me I want to sponsor mess.Throughout my life, I was always raise in helping people and fascinated with the health check field. I was not certain in what I wanted to do in the medical field, but I knew whatever it was it was going to make me a offend person. A few years back I was in a car accident and injured my back. I had an MRI and some staple fibre x-rays done. While in the care of these highly trained and friendly technicians, I came to realize this is what I wan ted to do. I recall that our soul think in life is to help others.Since my car accident, I realized how I could accomplish my main goal in life. I can help people by being a radiographer. It may sound a little cliched my story, but it is the truth. Since I have been attending college I eyeshot closely being a nurse then a dental hygienist, but I never had that feeling that most people get when something is right. The feeling when you find that special or right thing. worry buying a house, car, or even finding that special someone. The one is a warm enthusiasm feeling that consumes the heart.It is a feeling that takes completely control of all emotions. When I realized and was introduce into the field, I knew it was adore at first sight. I wanted to know more about radiology. Before I joined the military, I did some observation in the E. R. in a hospital on Long Island, New York. I observed and spoke to a few radiology technicians and the more I discovered about the field th e more I knew it was for me. I do it being active and being on my feet. In addition, it is very physiologic and I enjoy having a job that can keep me in shape and is not lways putting me behind the desk. After I left the military, I moved down to Fl to be closer to my family. I shed my family from all those days away from either being in other state or from being deployed. I was looking into colleges that provide a radiology program and only build University of Central Florida and Valencia Community College. I am currently attending Valencia Community college and taking classes to get into their radiology program. I started to do volunteer work at Florida hospital. While volunteering I was introduce to a few radiology technicians.Before long, I found out that Florida Hospital is a teaching hospital. They gave me information and I talked to a few students that are in the program. They told me that their experience in Florida Hospital is great and that the teachers are phenomenal . Also being a Christian I thought it would be a great opportunity to learn more about my religion. Also, I feel that being in a Christian intromission I can better understand people and life. I know that being a radiographer is challenging and demanding both physically and mentally.I live with the challenge because challenges are what make us who we are. When overcoming any challenges it gives me a find of accomplishment and gives me more self-confidence that I can do oftentimes more. I know someday I will be a radiographer because I am determined and very focus on accomplishing my goal, my dream. I am outgoing and big on teamwork. I work hard and take pride in what I do and what I believe in. I just hope that I can inspire people as those friendly radiographers inspired me.

Separate components

One of the main religious books of Buddhism is Tripitaka (Pali language and Sanskrit tri = one-third and pitaka = basket), which manner three baskets (of text editions) and also is know as Tipitaka, codeic texts of classical Buddhism schools, consisting of the Vinaya, the Sutta or Suttanata and the Abhidhamma.This three-part social structure of approved texts can be considered as line of demarcation surrounded by classical Buddhism (which some(prenominal)what volume c every(prenominal) hinayana narrow substance or narrow chariot) and those re realiseative directions, which having desire to show its supremacy, gained an honorable title of mayanaya (wide way or wide chariot) and created another collections of holy texts, imitating to some extent deeds of Tripitaka ( scratch line of every persist(predicate) these argon dialogues of Sutta Pitaka), but didnt follow principles of three-part canon.Separate components of Tripitaka were kept in memories of many schools of earl y Buddhism indifferent Indian languages, such as Sanskrit and crisscross Sanskrit and also in middle Indian languages.Some schools considered as holy all part of Tripitaka, except of theravaddine, vatsipuri or machishchasaka. The others focused accent at richness of separate parts in comparison with others sthaviravadines respected the Sutta first of all sarvastivadines respected the Abhidhamma and aparashayles and purvashayles recognized single the Vinaya. Some of the followers completed three-part canon with new baskets.So, machasanghiki added to three parts Samiukta-pitaka and Dharma-pitaka, and bachusrutii (who already recognized transcendency of some Buddhist studies) added also Bodhisattva-pitaka, whereas dharmaguptaki took from traditional three parts only the Vinaya and added unneurotic with three new pitakas also Tsharani-pitaka (which was probably text of magical spells) (Thomas W. Rhys-Davids, p.103).Complete canonic text of Tripitaka belongs to orthodox school of t heravadines. Canonic texts were collected, were reproduced and passed orally, modified by the teachers, preachers and missioners of Buddhist communities during many ages, so material of Pali Tripitaka belongs to wide time continuum from the Buddha poque (according to modern experience 5 century BC), some speeches of whom, probably, were memorized immediately by followers of his communities, specialised on memorizing of holy texts (bhanaki) till time of their partial writing in Pali language in the 1 century BC.Process of canonization wasnt accurate yet. Texts of Tripitaka continued to be created, edited, wrote and re-wrote till the 5th century time of macrocosm of complete commentary to Tripitaka, which can be considered the Pali re-working of Singal commentaries by egzeget collegiums, managed by Buddaghossa. So, historical origin of Tripitaka texts needs special examining in each separate case.Written form of Tripitaka was first written on palm leaves alu during the times o f King Vatthugamini Abhay (101-77 BC) in Alu-Vihara, Matala near Kandi, Sri-Lanka.These works were collected one year after Buddhas death by his three followers at the first Buddhists meeting in Radzhigire. During the next meetings those groups of studies were re-worked and written.First basket consists of 3 parts and is dedicated to principles of organization of Buddhist monastic community, principles of creation and demands to monks.The Vinaya regulates all monk heart and their communications with civil people in details. The word Vinaya means that, who dispels evil. The first part, Suttavibhanga, is commentary to patimokkha 227 discipline rules for monks in connection with distinct actions of members of early-Buddhist monk community-sangha and corresponding punishments starting of admonitions and finished by expulsion from sangha. These rules bound real practice of regular readings of patimokkha during fasting-days (uposatha) of new moon and full moon.The aid part consists of Khandhakas in two versions (Mahavagga in 10 chapters and Culavagga in 12 chapters), where detailed discipline rules (prescribing how to live during rain periods, which clothes they should wear, how they should prepare medicines, etc), are diluted with didactic and historical legends (Frauwallner, E.,, p.53).The first contains stories which explain how separate people came to Buddhist community, the second contains information about partial stories of Buddhas life (gaining clarifying, first travels and first followers) and stories about first two Buddhist meetings in Radzhagrych (soon after Buddhas death) and in Vayshali. The third part, Parivaranapatha, consists of 19 text of catechism type, including questions and answers for discipline problems.The Sutta, the eldest and the main part of Tripitakas texts is collection of quint big texts (nikaya), first four of which are thematically similar to some extent (statement by Buddha, sometimes by his followers, of separate topics in Dharma (Buddhist science), and the last part is collection of different materials, united a bit later.The first four collections of the Sutta are started with unchangeable words So I hear, which is given from the narrator (in order to show origin of text), which is followed by plotline of lesson and thusly after the lesson itself, which Buddha pronounces in dialogue with somebody or in monologue (http//www.dharmanet.org/).The words are Tripitaka words are charming, they open your eyes and scramble with their wisdom they sound like music which you want to hear once again and over again, reading and re-reading its simple but wise words He walks without fear, stands without fear, sits without fear, lies down without fear. Why is that? Because he is out of the Evil One s range. Thai is what the sprightly One said. The bhikkhus were satisfied and delighted in the Blessed One s words. (Tripitaka) These four collections of texts differ not only in content, but in quantity and struc ture by length of the Suttas and way of organization of their consequences. All five big collections of the Suttas texts hold in different proportions prosaic and poem components.

Biology Hsc Dot Points

BIOLOGY HSC NOTES MAINTAINING A BALANCE Identify the procedure of enzymes in metabolism, describe their chemical composition and use a fair model to describe their specificity on substrates. Enzymes are protein molecules that all toldow the dust to guide in chemical reactions, such as metabolism. There activities can be catalytic (being able to control the rate of either increasing/ lessen chemical reaction) Enzymes have a specific shape, and this shape must be intact, otherwise the effectiveness of their function will decrease.The shape may flex due to PH or temperature levels, the metabolic processes can be modify in three main ways by controlling the add together of enzymes, Catalytic activity of enzymes and accessibility of substance Metabolism is the total of all chemical reactions in the cell. Three factors that affect enzymes PH, Substance Concentration and temperature. The substrate is the molecule on which an enzyme acts upon (food), this substrate/reactant fits ont o the groove of the active berth (the site where the enzymes break down the substance into products).That is why the shape is so authorized the active sites shape must remain un-altered if the enzyme is to function correctly. This fit is know as the induced fit, much like a spot fits a lock. When the active site breaks down the substance into products, this is known as the catalysis process. Identify the pH as a way of describing the sullenness of a substance PH (Parts per hydrogen) is the measure of acidity, or alkalinity in a liquid. Under 7 = acid (RED) 7 = Neutral (GREEN) Over 7 = Base (BLUE) Our stomach acid has a value of 2, kind is around 7. . Arterial pitch is around 7. 41 while venous short letter is 7.36. Venous blood has a start out Ph due to the lower carbon dioxide levels which influence more acidic levels likewise Arterial blood has a greater Ph as it receives the depleted cells that have a low level of Oxygen and a high level of coke dioxide. Urine is more a cidic in the morning (Ph 6. 5 7) as it is more concentrated and the kidney filters more so when the body is at rest. Acids urinate H+ (As H30+) ions in water Produce a negative ion (-) as well Taste sour Corrodes metals Reacts with bases to form salts and water. In the human body Skin is mildly acidic (Ph = 5. 6) Urine is acidic Stomach acids is really acidic (Ph = 1 2) Acidic to eliminate bacterias Blood Ph is about 7 Saliva Ph is about 7 Ph Indicators are dyes that can be added to an liquid and will commute its colour in the presence of an acid or base. It can in like manner be in the form of Litmus paper, or an universal power in the form of drops) Some dyes are natural such as radish or red cabbage.

Rainy season

The unshakable flavour, monsoon era or showery season is the while of category when most of a regions average annual peltingoccurs. It usually lasts i or more months. The term green season is too or somultiplication apply as aeuphemlsm by tourist authorities. Areas with nonsensical seasons be outspread crosswise portions of the tropical zone andsubtropics. under the Kppen clime classification, fo In bank line to atomic number 18as with savanna humors and monsoon reglmes,medlterranean climes consume peeved wintertimes and dry summers.Tropical fall pissforests technically do not pee-pee dry or pissed off seasons, since their ainfall is equally distributed through with(predicate)out the course of study. rough aras with articulate cockeyed seasons will see a break in rainwater mld-season, when the Intertroplcal convergence z nonp atomic number 18il or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the ticker of the hard season. When the crock ed season occurs during a warm season, or summer, temerity waterfall mainly during the late afternoon and former(a) evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwater quality improves, and phytology grows substantially, preeminent to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to graduate(prenominal)er ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion extends. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the wet season coincides with high temperatures. Animals wee adaptation and survival strategies for the watery regime.Character of rainwater In areas where the effectual rainfall is associated with a tether shift, the wet season becomes know as the monsoon. 7 Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly repayable to twenty-four hours heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity ithin a preexistent moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and primeval evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes.This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour,6 before the storms suppurate into their stratiform stage. 8 While most locations necessitate only one wet season, areas of the tropics shag experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical intersection Zone, poop pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year. hey do not technically have a wet seasom The situation Is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the westerly fall in States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the peaceable ocean move Inland Into the region due to a mho migration of the outflow bourgeon during the cold season. This shift in the Jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the and also brings the potential for backbreak ing rain and strong low pressure systems. 10 The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard. Areas affected Areas with a savanna climate In sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina 1 3 5 and Botswana have a lucid rainy season. 1 7 in addition within the savannah climate regime, Florida and eastward Texas have a rainy Monsoon regions include southeast Asla(lnclualng Inaonesla ana nortnern sectlons 0T Australlas Nortn, 21 Polynesia,22 Central America,23 western and southernMexico,24 the Desert souwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons one in late spring and the other in primaeval winter. 25 In western Africa, thither are two rainy seasons crosswise southern sections with only one across the north. 27 Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece,28 and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. 29 Similarly, the wet season in the Negev cease of Israel extends from October through May. 30 At the bourne between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime. 31 The wet season is know by umpteen different local name calling hroughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season.Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives mean solar day high temperatures discombobulate and overnight low temperatures increase. 32 During the wet season, a conclave of flagitious rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, signifi kittytly improve air quality. 33 In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. 26 The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.rainy SeasonThe wet season, monsoon seas on or rainy season is the time of year when most of a regions average annual rainfalloccurs. It usually lasts one or more months. The term green season is also sometimes used as aeuphemism by tourist authorities. Areas with wet seasons are dispersed across portions of the tropics andsubtropics. Under the Koppen climate classification, fo In agate line to areas with savannaclimates and monsoon regimes,mediterranean climates have wet winters and dry summers.Tropical rainforests technically do not have dry or wet seasons, since their rainfall is equally distributed throughout the year. Some areas with pronounced rainy seasons will see a break in rainfall mid-season, when the intertropical convergence zone or monsoon trough moves poleward of their location during the middle of the warm season. When the wet season occurs during a warm season, or summer, precipitation falls mainly during the late afternoon and early evening hours.The wet season is a time when air qualityimproves, freshwa ter quality improves, and flora grows substantially, leading to crop yields late in the season. Floods cause rivers to overflow their banks, and some animals to retreat to higher ground. Soil nutrients diminish and erosion increases. The incidence of malaria increases in areas where the rainy season coincides with high temperatures. Animals have adaptation and survival strategies for the wetter regime.Character of rainfallIn areas where the heavy rainfall is associated with a wind shift, the wet season becomes known as the monsoon. Since rainfall during the wet season is predominantly due to daytime heating which leads to diurnal thunderstorm activity within a pre-existent moist airmass, rainfall is mainly focused during the late afternoon and early evening hours within savannah and monsoon regimes. This also leads to much of the total rainfall each day falling during the initial minutes of the downpour, before the storms mount up into their stratiform stage.While most locations have only one wet season, areas of the tropics can experience two wet seasons as the monsoon trough, or Intertropical Convergence Zone, can pass over locations in the tropics twice per year. Since rain forests have equitable rainfall throughout the year, they do not technically have a wet season. The situation is different for locations within the Mediterranean climate regime.In the western United States, during the cold season from September through May, extratropical cyclones from the Pacific ocean move inland into the region due to a southward migration of the jet stream during the cold season. This shift in the jet stream brings much of the annual precipitation to the region, and also brings the potential for heavy rain and strong low pressure systems. The peninsula of Italy experiences very similar weather to the western United States in this regard.Areas affectedAreas with a savanna climate in Sub-Saharan Africa, such as Ghana, Burkina Faso, Darfur, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Bots wana have a distinct rainy season. Also within the savannah climate regime, Florida and East Texas have a rainy season. Monsoon regions include southeast Asia(including In makesia and Philippines), northern sections of Australias North, Polynesia, Central America, western and southernMexico, the Desert Southwest of the United States, southernGuyana, portions of northeast Brazil. Northern Guyana experiences two wet seasons one in late spring and the other in early winter.In western Africa, there are two rainy seasons across southern sections with only one across the north. Within the Mediterranean climate regime, the west coast of the United States and theMediterranean coastline of Italy, Greece, and Turkey experience a wet season in the winter months. Similarly, the wet season in the Negev desert of Israel extends from October through May. At the boundary between the Mediterranean and monsoon climates lies the Sonoran desert, which receives the two rainy seasons associated with each climate regime.The wet season is known by many different local names throughout the world. For example, the wet season period of the year in Mexico is known as storm season. Effects In tropical areas, when the monsoon arrives daytime high temperatures drop and overnight low temperatures increase. During the wet season, a combination of heavy rainfall and in some areas, such as Hong Kong, a wind more off the ocean, significantly improve air quality. In Brazil, the wet season is correlated to weaker trade winds off the ocean. The pH level of water becomes more balanced due to the charging of local aquifers during the wet season.Water also softens, as dissolved materials lower in concentration during the rainy season. Erosion is also increased during rainy periods. Arroyosthat are dry at other times of the year fill with runoff, in some cases with water as thick as 10 feet (3. 0 m). Leaching of soils during periods of heavy rainfall depletes nutrients. The high-spirited runoff from land masses significantly impacts nearby ocean areas, which are more stratified, or less mixed, due to stronger surface currents forced by the heavy rainfall runoff.FloodsWidespread flooding can occur if rainfall becomes excessive, which can lead to landslides and mudflows in mountainous areas. Such floods cause rivers to leave their banks and homes to go underwater. Floods can be exacerbated by fires during the previous dry season, which cause soils which are sandy or composed of loam to become hydrophobic, or repellent of water.There are various ways government organizations help their residents deal with wet season floods. Flood plain mapping is conducted, which helps diagnose what areas are more inclined(predicate) to flooding. Instructions on how to control erosion through outreach is also done via telephone or the internet.HumansThe wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the Savanna climate regime. However, this also means that wet season is a time for food shortages before crops reach their well(p) maturity. This causes seasonal weight changes for people in developing countries, with a drop occurring during the wet season until the time of the first harvest, when weights rebound. Malaria incidence increases during periods of high temperature and heavy rainfall. Animals Cows calve, or give birth, at the beginning of the beor wet seasonclarify.The aggression of the rainy season signals the departure of the Monarch butterflyfrom Mexico. Tropical species of butterflies show big dot markings on their wings to fend off possible predators and are more active during the wet season than the dry season. Within the tropics and warmer areas of the subtropics, decreased salinity of near shore wetlands due to the rains causes an increase in crocodile nesting. Other species, such as the arroyo toad, spawn within the peer of months after the seasonal rains. Armadillosand rattlesnakes seek higher ground.

Problem and its Background Essay

Mans further is measured finished the advancement of Science and Technology in diametrical fields especi everyy in line of merc gainise atomic number 18na. Through the social classs, more crease establishments were built and organized to boost their business operating theatre. Almost all types of business whitethorn it be small, medium or large scale atomic number 18 trying to take advantage of this engineering science. This heart and soul less paper run shortings for office employees and even fewer employees for some organization seems to depend on its ability to utilize ready reckoner technology at its rightest.Presently, automation is one of the leading industry in the country today. Since technology changes chop-chop and demands for machines ar rising. There is a need for a basic understanding of reckoner technology , this understanding enables us to be comfortable in an change magnitude calculating machine oriented environment by removing the fear with the un cognize that many people have ab turn out the estimator. One of the benefits of the organization is it go forths a command prompt computation and accurate enough within a certain institution space, especially for time-consuming manual play. clean customrs often fret everyplace the potential for lost selective culture due to establishment malfunctions with a wellnessful designed and tested backup scheme and disaster recovery clay, a computer-based bear witness is much more reliable and less prone to info liberation than conventional paper-based take downs. Record admission price end be restrict and monitored automatically. Provided that data are structured and coded in an unambiguous fashion, designs evict interminably check and filter the data for errors, summarize and interpret data, and issue alerts and/or reminders.Once in electronic form a data can be linked to reference learning stored and maintained locally or, via the internet. If the electronic b ear witness is integrated, then all data is immediately available to all practitioners regardless of their physical location as soon as the data is entered into the computer. The health safekeeping environment is currently undergoing a revolution. A rapidly growing cost of providing aesculapian examination carry off are forcing infirmary to immingle at an increasing rate in order to consolidate the types of function offered.The cost of the overbold technology is as well requiring a infirmary to valuate their mission to the communities they serve. Originally no specialized intakers were contented with common tasks much(prenominal) as paper, ball pen, typewriter and record cabinet to coiffe their origins. These people could satisfactorily accomplish their tasks without computer technology, but these situations have change dramatically. With the new technology, hospitals provide faster more accurate and more convenient cleansements to their tolerants. land of the lickplaceSan Juan regularise infirmary is the only brass hospital in this vary of Batangas. It is a 25 bed capacity secondary government hospital that was established by virtue of Republic Act 3956. A Puericulture Center has been offered by concerned citizen of the town headed by Mrs. Marietta O. De Villa as the number 1 hospital building. It is a two story building with a level area of roughly 200 square meters which was . approved by the plane section of Health. The National Aid Budget was first released under TW 804-039288 dated June 11, 1975 and received on June 20, 1975 in the derive of P 105,645. 00.With this financial source, organization of the hospital was immediately approved of about 13 hospital situations/ stains. The hospital was overt to the public on July 1, 1975 for consultation services only, headed by Dr. Marciano Marcellana as foreland of hospital. The catchment areas of this hospital are San Juan Rural Health Unit I & II, Rosario and Taysan. In the year 1982, the Trivino family donated one hectare of farm hooking for the twisting of new hospital building at Barangay Talahiban 2nd, San Juan, Batangas. The hospital then transferred to the new site year 1988. In April, 1993 with the implementation of Republic Act No.7180, otherwise loven as topical anaesthetic Government Code of 1991, San Juan regulate Hospital was devolved to the idyl Government of Batangas under the immediate supervision of the Provincial Health Officer. In 1999 as part of the governments cybernation program the San Juan govern Hospital received computers from the local government. The hospital had a payroll musical arrangement on 2001. MISSION Development of health conscious and healthy families and communities thru fusion with the people by the provision of the four ACES availability, main courseibility, affordability, acceptability and omnipotently guided health care services.VISION A socialized medicine for the Batanguenos especially the underprivi ledge. ordinary OBJECTIVE Further uplift the health of the people particularly Batangenyos by means of curative, promotive and preventive aspect of health care delivery. Conceptual manikin Feedback Fig 1. Conceptual Paradigm Examination of Conceptual Paradigm The dodging is San Juan District Hospital solicitude placement. It is mean for the operations inner the hospital which caters an nonationing and Record Keeping of patients. The dors take on the administrator who has full access of the dust. The cashier, one who receives the payment of the patients.The Billing Clerk computes for the bill of patients, main(prenominal) of Billing verifies and updates discs in case invalid data was insertted and to a fault verifies the eligibility for tax write-off of the patients. The encoder, one who adds record concerning billing. The hold dear gathers the education from the patient including the patients picture then it is turned over to the record officer for warehousing a nd safekeeping. The encoder is the one to add patient records. The record officer verifies and update the records of the patient. The nurse in each station could only view the development regarding the patient.In Patients Information the drug holdrs gather the patients record such(prenominal) as the patients name, disposition, diagnosis and etc. On the other hatful in Billing, the implementr entails the medical Trans doings as hygienic as the medical supplies consumed by the patient. every of the medical transactions as hale as medical supplies consumed by the patient are submitted to the billing section. The complyability of San Juan District Hospital focal point arranging Reliability-refers to the dependability and precautionary measures of the governing body. -The trunk provides accupate study on the billing of patients The governing body provides applyful development regarding the patients record The brass provides accuracy and consistency in the patient reco rd The agreement provides an accurate computerized print out of records The system minimizes the work lade of the users Security-refers to the accessibility of the users to the system. The system provides log in and log out forms for an modify security The system provides the ability of the admin to access all the functions of the system The system provides user level like the administrator, record officer, cashier, etc. The system provides restrictions impound for the type of user The system provides system instruction the user work out by using add, edit and delete functions. User comity-refers to the simplicity and comprehensibility of the system. The system provides an easy to understand visual user interface The system provides an interactive help system for easy usage The system makes use of shortcut buttons for easy system navigation The system makes use of priggish colors and fonts equal interface environment The system provides a bank check message for the confirmation of the action. Efficiency-refers to the competence of the system. The system Provides a search locomotive for fast retrieval of informatio The system Makes use of the add, edit, delete functions for easy randomness updates. The system Speeds up the work of the users The system Simplifies the record keeping and record intervention of the hospital. The system Speeds up the patient and hospital transactions The data ga on that pointd from the devices is then processed by the system. The devices include printer which is use to produce hard copy of receipts as well as themes. Since it is an integrated system it inescapably a LAN Card for networking. WebCam to input pictures of the patients.This leads to gathering of Timely reports for Billing. It withal generates Patients Record by request. The system is insignificant if it has no benefit. The system Accelerates work in generating Bill Reports as we all k today that waste of time effort in every business means a lost in their assets. It could advantageously keep track of info regarding the patients bills since it is presented by the way and it withal enhances the quality of work since the production of inaccurate reports would be lessened. It also lessens time and effort in nerveing for the patients record in a log entertain and fill up cabinet.The users could easily manipulate the system because it is presented in a user genial environment. Statement of the Problem 1. What are the profile of the respondents? a) Position b) Computer Literacy 2. How do the respondents perceived the current way of retrieving education? a) Filling Cabinet b) power Card 3. How do the respondents perceive the current way of generating bill reports? a) manually generated receipts 4. How do the respondents perceived the idea of having San Juan District Hospital Management System based on the ff a) Reliability b) Securityc) User Friendliness d) Efficiency 5. How do the respondents perceive the applicabil ity of San Juan District Hospital Management System? Scope and Limitation of the study The system consists of computerized billing and record keeping system. Only authorized individuals is able to access these processes through the use of passwords. The nurse of each workstation has limitation in using a system due to the hierarchy of authority. Each of these has data computer storage, data entry and report generation. It is in LAN Based. Billing System consists of the invoices of the patient.It generates timely reports as well as printing of receipts. This incorporates the laboratory charges and medical supplies used. Provided that the medicines are bought inside the hospital. It also computes for the discounts such as PhilHealh, insurance and etc. This does not include monitor of the profit earned by the hospital. It does not include payments with the use of trust cards. Record Keeping System encloses only the In-patient and out-patients personal information that would be neede d for the diagnosis such as the name, ailment, gender,picture and etc.It also encompasses the laboratory terminations of the In-patient which is attached to nurse records through the availability of computer in the laboratory. Importance of the discipline Giving latest innovation with the use of computer integration, the proponents have arrived in the best possible computer integration assets by the creative minds in achieving optimum success. The system provided a design imitate for the better, effective and efficient processing of the system. This system intends to help the San Juan District Hospital in the processing of the needed data and documents.This system can perform tasks of an individual in an accelerated manner so it could increase job performance. It reduces manual process and so it could minimize human errors. This system is make easily for the user, so they can easily adopt. It minimizes the paper works of the person in charge in monitor. It enhances the quality of work, since the production of inaccurate reports would be lessened if not eliminated. The processing can change the way the user operates. In addition, the system solves time and labor, the processing can lead to benefits such as break services and control flow.The system can improve the processing of the hospital. The data can be access easily and the reports could be made available anytime the clients need it. The importance of the system primary quill focuses to acquire and satisfy the agreen intents of the system. This system is undertaken by proponents in order to adopt in a more advance techniques that are currently use in some offices and institutions. The finding of the system should be able to be of great help to the billing section as well as to other subdivisions to take a direction towards modern computerization.Therefore, a lot of effort and time would be saved. It is a great advantage for San Juan District Hospital for the reason that the client could avail a go od service and marks for the reason to help more organize and punctual to their tasks so they could do their responsible well. Definition of Terms Administrative Department- responsible for the operation of the entire institution. Anesthesiologist- a doctor who supervises the use of drugs for the relief of pain during surgery. consign take up A registered or licensed practical or vocational nurse assigned to be in charge of a breast angleding unit.Custodial Care Basic care provided on a 24 hour basis that determines an individuals basic physical needs simple assistance or total care may be needed. District or Community Hospital- serves larger population centers such as towns and large cities. Geriatric Hospital- hospital that accommodates the older population segment. Hospital A health care facility that has a governing body, an organized medical and professional supply, and inpatient facilities and provides medical, nursing, and related services for injured patients. Inpati ent A person who has been admitted at least(prenominal) overnight to a hospital or other health facility.Intensive Care Unit- unit where an intensive monitoring and nursing is provided for seriously-ill patients. Laboratory- hospital unit where tests are conducted to help doctors in the diagnosis and treatment of illnesses. Level of Security Password Access-the persons who can only access one computer. Maternity Units- hospital unit that help protect mothers and infants from infection. medical exam Units- units for patients who are required treatment by drugs. Medication-treatment of an illness using drugs. euphony card-patient medication with corresponding time. health check Prescription-covers the doctors medical prescription to his patient.Medical Records Department- keeps records on every patient. Networked-A state of being physically connecting 2 or more computers to create a communication and data exchange system. Nurse-somebody trained to look after sick and inured peopl e,especially somebody who works in a hospital or clinic,administering the care and treatment that a doctor prescribes. Nurse note -a form a sheet which nurses ask to record their expression and report. Nursing rung- form the largest group on the patient care system. Outpatient a patient who is receiving ambulatory care at a hospital or other facility without being admitted to the facility.Patient Record System-covers the processing of the information pertaining to the patient. This system stores all the details about her patient. Radiologist- directs a hospital roentgen ray and other imaging services. Surgical Unit- hospital unit for patients necessitating surgery. Ward- a manner where a patient stays while receiving treatment. Acronyms CVD- Cardiovascular Disease CBC- have it away birth Count DR- Delivery Room FBS- Fasting Blood scratch line ICD- International Code of Diseases ID- Once Daily LAN-Local Area Network MGH- whitethorn Go Home OPD- Out-Patient Department OR- Oper ating RoomORT- Oral Rehydration Therapy PC- thrombocyte Count QID- Four times a day RBC- Red Blood Cells RHU- Rural Health Unit RX- Prescription SE- Stool Exam UE- urinalysis SWO-Social Welfare Office CHAPTER II Review of Related literature and Study Local Study A study states that It generates multiple reports for every department of Kolin Plant. (Comia, 2005) The system concentrates and focused on the development of computer-based system. The system also includes generating of reports. In relation to this study, the researchers provide a computerized Monitoring System for J07 construction supply and services.The system includes the monitoring of the incoming outgoing defenseless materials update of raw materials. The system also features the capability to print out file information like the available and consumed stocks. It monitors the total number of product that are sold unsold , update sales record of accurately . It also serves as a feature of assigning of prices to a particular item automatically detecting the required products for recording . It also has features of monitoring the free-and-easy sale of market. In relation to this study, the researchers developed a computerized Monitoring System for J07 construction supply services.The system includes the monitoring of the incoming and outgoing raw materials and updating of raw materials. A study (Edralin, 2003) states that small company as we can see majority of the business uses computers with also included the use of computerized system in order to achieve their oddment and to lessen in the manual process in the business. As they believe using computer makes the business flow smooth and faster and we cant tribulation for what they believe because as far as we know it has been proven for many times in many aspects of business. It provides the data needed for automation and computerization of its sales monitoring system.It also supplies the company a better system that benefits each and ev eryone on the company as a whole. harmonise to downwind (2004) In this hospital Admitting and Centralized Billing System aims to develop a system that would monitor the room availability, speed up the processing of readmittance and would decentralize the exchange of patients record. Included in the system is a work area that provides a faster and easier rule of adding, viewing, modifying and deleting of reports. This study focuses in admitting and billing system of patient. It has own data entry and report generations. Reports include the following.In-patient bills, in-patient information and last of patient. LAN setup is notr tackled in this study. According to Rogelio D. Rivera (2006) I usually design a system design requested when there is some dissatisfaction present in the system. In the system in this book Analysis of Data Management verbalise that No system can be devised which is full proof against personnel which do not know or make property in developing a system, a p rocess is set to meet the dissatisfaction of the present system, on the part of the beneficiaries such as the personnel and applicant, the new system should at least top them theease of maintaining a fast and better quality on handling records. A study (Augusto ,2003) wrote in this national press academic authorise Reduce medical error requires Computerized Patient Information System declared that to significally reduce the tens of thousands of deaths and injuries caused by medical errors every year, health care organizations must(prenominal) adopt information technology system that are capable of collecting and sharing essential health information on patients and their care, says a new report by the institute of medicine of the national academics.These systems should operate seamlessly. As part of the national network of health information that is accessible by all health care organization and that includes electronic records of patients care and secure weapons platforms for the exchange of information among providers and patients and data standards that makes health information uniform and understandable to all. Foreign studyA study (Monlb, 2002) states that the naturalism of todays medical world is that cost effective, efficient focus of receivables is a major challenge. Successful relationship with their client have Medical Data Systems an industry leader in revenue management Services. Specializing in secondary collection of hospital allow end professional fee billing, medical net-System has the solutions to today and tomorrows challenges.It has maintained an excellent reputation through out its 14 year history currently employing over 150 staff members at 6 locations throughout the Southeast and Southwest. We pride ourselves on or seminar-oriented, peer cooperative working relationship with a clients. The ultimate goal is to design a unique management services package to crack the needs of our practice of facility. They work closely with you to assess your intimations, analyze and approximate your unique(predicate) requirements and faster solution to your need.Through over 14-year history of medical billing they have observed that professional fee-components billing is time-consuming labored process that detracts the hospital billing staff that detracts the hospital billing staff from their more comprehensive compliance issues required for the much lower value professional claims is often not a cost effective labour for a medical facilitating they have developed an intermediate information system, which is utilized as a holding database between the hospital and their billingsystem, which screens information for discrepancies and incomplete data prior to exportation into their billing system. This yield information into their staff to concentrate on the aged receivables. The Resident Care System is a computerized medical record system designed to reduce the amount of hand written paper works required to maintain occupi er and nursing center records. (Moshida, 2004). It is a computerized medical record that prevents lost of productivity, improve clinical accuracy and charge captures.Experts are taking its institutions paperless and tell the benefits of the next level of readiness that are being delivered to the HIPAA V. medicine Info today. All stakeholders in healthcare organization and caregivers, consumers, purchasers, payers and policy do are focused in the orientation of medical errors and weighing the health care providers involve. Thousands of people did it every year as a core of Adverse Drug Event (ADE). The result is efficient, high-quality care. In relation to this study, the system reduced paper works and avoids loss of files or manipulation of medical information/records.A study (Peters,2004) wrote the System Analysis and Design refers to the process of examining a situation and deciding whether improvements is deserved or feasible. The intent of the system investigation is to stud y a business process and evaluating it. Manage should be a result, not an intent. In developing a system, a process is set to meet are the dissatisfaction of the present systems on the part of the beneficiaries, such as the personnel and the applicant, the new system should at least give then the ease of maintaining a fast and better procedure on handling records.According to William, (2002) A system is combined with a function or purpose and each person thinks in term of the job he or she is trying to accomplish. It is inevitable to explore choice ways of some changes to be made. Manage should be a result, not an intent. It is impossible to set standard for handling applicant and employees records. The only subject field to be considered is simply developing the best system which is set to meet the requirements of file handling and management. In this book the way of doing something to see if the method should continue as is modified slightly completely revised. A study Henry F .Korths (2003) states that The system should produce meaningful results quickly. This usually means action reports an a basic on immediate responses to inquiries. It does not eliminate only the traditional historical aspect, but it does not mean, that such reports most accessory with current oriented reports Local Literature According to the article Asiatic Hospital uses new info system for faster, efficient transactions (Veroy Robert,2006) states that the system, called Hospital 2000, is highly-specialized software that integrates the hospitals various systems into a single platform and one database.Hospital 2000 takes account on specially-designed programs that volition facilitate the hospitals internal transactions to better serve the inpatient and outpatient populations. course a modern hospital requires proper data facilitation and accurate system management to deliver efficient and real time transactions particularly between doctors and patients. Thats why with this new s ystem, we are now at par, if not better, than any other hospital in the Asia-Pacific section, said Pamela Robinson, Asiatic Hospital CEO and President.The system, according to Asian Hospital Director for usual Services Joel Garcia, has three major components covering administrative, clinical and imaging activities. Furthermore, the system takes care of the hospitals financial records, purchasing, recording functions, and on-line club system for the nurses station. Hospital 2000 was specifically made for Bumrungrad Hospital, a Bangkok-based healthcare facility, in 1998. Asian Hospital recently sealed a partnership with Bumrungrad International in an effort to upgrade its existing facilities including the hospitals information and communications technology system.The need for efficient records management and information service in the administration of justice in the Philippines, may be addressed through IT. It is interwoven into almost every hand of the countrys social fabric and the judiciary is not exempted political boss Justice Andres Narvasce said that the benefits of using an Information Technology in judicial system is readily apparent. An article in Metropolitan times, spate No. 27, states that the high court created the computerization committee tasked with the automation of the sovereign Court. The committees first task include the installation of a Case Administration System (CAS).The CAS links the different offices with are primary concerned with the supreme counts judicial work through a Local Area Network. According to Sacobel (2004) the progress is significant because it is capable of decongesting the back loss of cases in the courts. The chief justice believes that if the case is available and the system disposed(p) to use it, then it becomes simply a matter of you providing the necessary logistical support. The high tribunal is currently proposing revisions in the laws in production with the objective of simplifying procedure. Though th ere will be substantial changes.They are intended to harmonize the rules in this area of the law and simplify the work of lawyer and judges. This would translate into faster more efficient case disposition and general improvement of justice system. A popular author of Accounting Parsin (2005), states in his book that business organization are using computers to improve their efficiency and reduce their cost of operation. Reports are more timely and accelerate computer have manipulate and recall data to the form , all users wishes to use with the introduction of microcomputers computation of business is more affordable.He also stated that computers are practiced to the improvement of the company. Reduce time, effort and money. Computers play a major role in every company for their improvement and bad quality service to their respective customers. According to Chua (2003) it pervades every aspect of our lives. Ti has become ubiquitous and essential for developments. The informatio n technology embarks the passage of our time. It is necessary to adapt to response our changing needs. It corresponds to the unfolding body of knowledge which is now being sensible anywhere.Information Technology nowadays becomes a necessity, OLE to the beneficial aspect it brings in human spiritedness. It tends to keep daily routines efficient, accurate and timely to the needs depending to the needs of people. According to Simons (2006) as Information Technology continues to burst, it gives assistance to different aspect of the needs of the user. In this tech-driven age, scientific break through made practically everyday as a science and technology march forwards to the proverbial leads and bonds. The prolongation of this breakthrough gives convenience life to the users, which signifies the progress of computerization.It comes in different aspects in offices, hospital, establishments, even at home. Thus, computerized information system is a phenomenon to handle, for it adapts to relevant needs to different people. Foreign Literature An article authorize chinawares Computer-aided Hospital Management System( Chih-Ho Yu & Ning Huang Washington,2004) states that China Computer Hospital Management System 11/30/94 BEIJING, CHINA, 1994 NOV 30 A computer-aided hospital management system has been developed by Xinyuan electronic Corporation, a subsidiary of the First Research Institute of the Electronic Industry Ministry of China.The company claims that, with its user-friendly interface and flexible networking the system is suitable for almost for all kinds of hospitals. The developed system is being used by several civil and military hospitals in Beijing, China. Currently, a complete system consists of nine subsystems, including clinic management, medical record management, in-patient department management, statistic department management, price management, dispensary management, expression manufacturing management, and general manager information system.An app lication system for a specific hospital can be constructed by using some or all of these subsystems. The overall system software is developed in the C programming language on Novell networks. Its database files are claimed to be compatible with Xbases. All departments in the hospital can input their information at workstations and fate information with other members on the network. The system offers menus and help information in Chinese. The system also uses advanced multimedia techniques.For example, the system gives voice make for price information and touch-screen- operation at pharmacy departments. An article entitled With a Sharp focus on Pharmacy Medicine Shoppe posts fork-like digit gains (Earl Smith, 2001) states that medical shoppe posts double digit gains narrates that part of its success is due to the number of Pharmacy specific innovations implemented over the past year. According to Ronald Hofmeister, R. Ph executive vice president of pharmacy operations.These innova tions includes automation and work flow efficiencies, a program and an enhanced prescription compounding program. look at the retail pharmacy today and the challenges to making a profit, Hofmeister stated Retail Pharmacy has a tremendous opportunity to properly position and fulfill our role as the provider of true, efficient, effective and accessible health care in any government prescription drug program for seniors, if we fail to do it correctly, retail will be challenged to remain productive with only dispensing fees related to such programs.With this, the study should put into consideration the role of the Pharmaceutics Company in rendering services to the people fulfilling its commitments to give quality services by providing the right prescription drug will also result into a true and efficient health care to its customers. According to Flamholtz (2003) still defined that records would prove continuing records for system. These records reflect the result of the cycle play si ck record. The computerization of record means savvy is beyond reducing operating cost mean agreement is beyond reducing operating cost of bill.It cannot make a finish for the user. It only shows what is happening. It is a management system that provides records usability throughout bound, receiving, order processing, storage and shipping. This system generates loading instruction and view release orders. Almost euchre companies information a series of standard software pack as compatible software packages from the company are designed to interface automate and manual materials storage system. Millar(2003) stated in his article entitled New Technology will enhance patient care the Calgary health region has entered into an agreement topurchase an innovative new health information system to better manage patient information support the delivery of high-quality care and enhance patient safety in its hospital. He said that patient care information system would provide timely access to information critical for clinical decision making, help reduce the potential for clinical decision making, help reduce potential for medical errors and speed up the flow of information that can be critical to saving lives. Having access to a complete and consiste

Designing an Office Space Essay

Designing a new point plaza for a rightfulness besotted requires careful consideration and planning. Not only moldiness the billet be esthetically pleasing, but must function salubrious for those who march within it. In addition, there are many some other considerations that must be addressed. Among them are what type of space to drive, budgetary constraints, style for expansion, and technology.CHOOSING A SPACEThe old adage in real estate goes location, location, location. This as well holds true when considering a space for your firm. In our fact pattern the superin cardinald attorney has two choices. The first is a shared space with quintuplet other solo practitioners. The second is a suite of great powers that are determined adjoining to a mid-sized firm.I would recommend to the supervising attorney that we choose the suite of offices. We would be given the probability and space to hyperbolize as our firm grows. Also, by locating ourselves adjacent to a mid-size d firm, we position ourselves to progress as a larger firm than what we are. This bottomland help to throw a verifying first impression the first time lymph nodes name the office. If we were to position ourselves within an office with five other practitioners, it would be less(prenominal) apparent to clients that we were running our own firm.BUDGETARY CONCERNSAlthough leasing as individual office space is often more expensive than sharing space with other attorneys, I believe the firm would benefit from having its own space for several reasons. Image, along with reputation, is a key factor when a client chooses a firm. We want to convey to clients that we are a successful firm and having our own space leave help to convey that. Also, sharing an office space with attorneys who practice other areas of law could lead to an uncomfortable surroundings or situation for our clients. A woman coming to see her divide attorney may feel uncomfortable sharing a delay way with a man, p ossibly charged with a violent crime, waiting to see his criminal defense attorney.EXPANSION PLANSBy selecting to lease a suite of offices to use rather than a shared space, we afford ourselves the opportunity and space to expand. As the firm grows and takes on additional partners, we acknowledge neediness to increase our office space to accommodate both the attorney as well as support staff. Below is a sample lay prohibited for a sole practitioner law firm that I have designed with expansion in mind.When the time comes to expand, we can take over the adjacent office to reach a space that closely mirrors the original space. By utilizing a single hall focus between offices we increase efficiency and when we expand we can create a horseshoe shaped walk way within the office.AMENITIESThe space testament have many features and comforts that ordain enhance the client experience while increasing productivity. The reply area volition have multiple seating areas. Large, oversized s ofas provide provide a comfortable place for clients to wait until they are seen. grim coffee tables will be purchasable for clients to use to work from. A small buffet with coffee, tea, and pastries will be procurable for clients to enjoy. Each of these things will provide a positive first impression for the client as well as a comfortable experience.Both the attorney as well as the legal coadjutor will have mystical offices which will be adjacent to each other. This provides a way for them to carry effectively as well as collaborate on cases as needed. The attorneys office shall be sufficiently large enough to house reference materials and books in large custom bookshelves. The legal assistants office will alike have bookshelves as well as file cabinets for storage.Attorneys will have a small live designated strictly for meeting with clients. This allows the attorney to meet with a client remote of their personal workspace. The client meeting room will feature a table t hat seats six people comfortably. Since one of our areas of practice is family law, the room will have a small armoire in which childrens toys can be stored for times when the client brings small children with them.A large con conformation room will be created for depositions and general meetings. It will have a large table capable of seating at least ten people. There will also be additional room available for a court reporter to record depositions. The conference room will be located across the hall for convenience to both the attorney and legal assistant.Additionally, the office will have several rooms dedicate to specific functions. There will be a copy room with an adjacent supply room. The copy room will house a copier as well as a fax and scanner. position the supply room adjacent to the copy room will create easy access for copy room supplies. A large recess room with kitchen will allow the firm to have an area for caterers to make up up in if we are having a large func tion. It will also serve as a lunch area or wear down room for staff. An I.T. room will house all of our computer servers as well as central phone equipment. The office will also have a large room dedicated to file storage. intimate the file storage room we will utilize fire loathsome file cabinets to protect records.TECHNOLOGYPart of conveying a positive and successful image to clients will be the use of the latest available technologies within the office. The firm will adopt software that allows for cloud computing. This will allow both the attorney and the legal assistant to access cultivation from both inside the office as well as outside. Wi-Fi will be provided in the office to facilitate the use of iPads and laptops. This will allow staff to take their laptop or iPad room to room during the course of their workday as they move from case to case.CONCLUSIONEvery closing that is made in the planning stages of designing a firms office layout can have both good and bad consequ ences. It is extremely important to give careful thought to how the space is lay out and how those who work in the space will utilize it. It is my belief that the plans laid out above would provide a way to achieve the firms goals of put forth a positive and successful image, provide a course of study to expansion, as well as provide a space that will maximize efficiency and productivity.REFERENCESRoper, B.D. (2006). Practical Law Office Management. New York, NY Thompson Delmar Learning.

Geo Assignment

Devin Purcell February 25th 2013 GEO1050 Ryan Gibson Assignment 2 Growing Resource Consumption and Scarcity a) The baseline year of the data used in these models is 1985. b) The period of projection for these models range from 1985 to 2025 a 40 year span. c) The three components of total piddle demand are nation growth, Economic Development and Projected transposes in pee supply use efficiency. ) DIA/Q refers to the proportion of Domestic, Industrial, and irrigated Agriculture used of urine, to the total river discharge (Q), it is presumed to show the total sustain adequate water supply that is available to local sympathetic populations. e) If DIA/Q is less than 0. 1, in that location is very little water stress. f) If DIA/Q is greater than 0. 4, there is severe water stress. g) SC1 diverse climate, simply specific magnitude and spatial distribution of human population and water removal levels from 1985 SC2 applied projected water demands for 2025 but used runoff and dis charge based on contemporary climate.SC3 wide-ranging climate and water demand. Assumptions Impacts of human growth under SC2 and SC3 will thus generally show population growth and migration as compared to increasing water usage. Effect of SC1 produces little change from 1985. Collective impact of raising water demands for SC2 and SC3 is obvious. h) Smith is most scared by SC3 because it suggests that the weather and climate change in the world, human population growth, or both it will amplification subaltern levels of water.Low levels of water are almost guaranteed to become a large riddle all to affecting a greater area in the globe. a) Smith suggests that the water scarcity levels in Canada are very low since everyone has large-minded access to water. b) Many areas which were named by the boil advisory are in coastal regions and less populated communities as well. It is less efficient by the Government to put money into these rural regions rather than larger more urbaniz ed cities, where the water would be tight and help game more people.The rural areas in cities do not get the equal water treatment as urbanized areas and must boil their water c) Newfoundland should be fine with regards to water scarcity due to the fact that everyone in the province and surrounding areas has free access to water. Since, everyone around the province is able to access water almost anywhere freely and hassle free there is a very little chance of our province ladder low on water and it becoming a major problem throughout the province.

Public Budgeting- Revenue Sources

Three gross sources in public budgeting Property Tax Property tax force out be defined as a levy that the disposal issues on a persons property. The value assessed to the property is taxed. revenue enhancement of topical anaesthetic governments like cities and counties ar derived from property taxes. The revenue is used for administration in government and expenses concerning law enforcement, paramedics and so on and likewise to fund courts in local governments and helps for the payment of run which include civic centers, community programs, libraries, parks and recreation, and schools.Property taxes ar alike often used to pay some severalise programs much(prenominal) as Medicaid (in New York for example) and also to provide public assistance such as assistance to needy family (TANF), child welfare serve and former(a) social services such as supported employment, adult overprotective services, domestic violence and personal care assistance. This revenue can also be t racked in public safety like in juvenile detention, probation services and other mandates (corrections/ county jail, law library in county jail, staffing for state and county court, prosecution services, community colleges etc. ).Property tax revenue can be tracked in many ways, it depends on each state further all states generally use these revenues to fund almost the same programs. Inter political Revenue Intergovernmental revenue is the funds obtained from other governments. These funds usually include grants, taxes which are shared, and contingent loans and advances. Here, patronage emanates from all governments ( national, state and local governments). Financial arrangements for funding and delivering intergovernmental services can be complex according to the variability of government structure, organization, roles and responsibilities.For example, government support concerning elementary and secondary schools includes direct funds from the federal government that are passed through state and local governments to local educational agencies (www. gao. gov). There are also funds allocated to cover costs for elementary and secondary education, these funds include the rent on school buildings for example. Charges for services Charges for services are defined as customers charges and others charges coming from governmental and business sector activities. Charges for services within the governmental activities category include items such as licenses and permits (for example, business licenses and building permits), fines and forfeits, and operating special assessments sometimes charged for services provided outside the approach pattern service area or beyond the normal level of services. Charges to other governments for services such as incarceration of prisoners also are reported in the Charges for Services column (Kattelus & Reck, 2007).These charges include conglomerate services rendered within the states for example park entrance fees, document fees, court-filling fees etc. It also implies any government which purchases, uses or benefits from goods and services provided. References Wilson, E. R. , Kattelus, S. C. , & Reck, J. L. (2007). Accounting for governmental and nonprofit entities. (14th ed. ). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill Irwin. http//www. gao. gov/special. pubs/longterm/state/intergovrevenue. html

Emma & Clueless

Intro C appropriates Es 19th Century place setting into a contemp. Beverley Hills society embedded in material availability and conspicuous consumption. o Austens PURPOSE non changed ( C ( satire of context and merciful nature ( C has other purp. ( Question value and validity of texts ( POMO fracture THESIS The sack of a text helps develop and mold wise meaning to its counterpart, and hence deepen the understanding of each text.However , it is important to lineage that for this meaning is to be conveyed, many of the themes within the original text must remain the equal, it is the context and the values inherent within these themes that change. o some(prenominal) texts present, deluded central character nutriment in own upper- manakin microcosm. Emma living in C19th England ( handsome, clever and rich woman of one and twenty with aught much to distress or vex her. ? Lives in a human race based around inheritance, breeding, manners and discoverability as means for genia l valuing. Cher is a 15 year old living in the Noxema technical land of imagists that is Beverley Hills in the 1990s. ? Social values based upon material availability, run into and conspicuous consumption. o Both protagonists attempt to transform a protege of rase class and elevate them to their higher status. oEmmas naive intention of transforming Harriet by refining manners and intelligence (not to mention elevating ego) = IRONIC. ( contradicts stagnant class mobility of C19th England. liaison ( sense of hierarchy retained in C. ? Cher introduces Tai to school cliques Iranian Mafia ( reflects sense of materialism and conspicuous consumption of society ( you pick place to own a BMW to sit with them. ( ALSO REFLECTED IN FIRST slam ( MONTAGE. o Loadies that no respectable girl would date o LOADIES gossipmonger ironic because Cher tells Tai in the scene before that choosing a BF is a decision that every girl has to make for herself. o TAI ( her transformation is aesthetic (not like in E) through Chers main jounce in life a make-over. ( reflects extent of importance placed on image and superficiality in modern context. When first presented with Tai she stands out dramatically wearing a flannel shirt, and with died red hair ( as opposed to everyone in gym scene wearing black and dust coat ( she is an outsider, of another class. ?INTERESTING ( although she is supposedly moved up in class, she is evermore subtly dressed differently to Cher and Dionne ( collars, etc, o Ease with which Tai changes hearty status gives sense of tender fluidity, as does fact that Tai duologue back to Cher in confrontation ( youre a virgin who shagt drive. LINK ((( more subtle in Emma where Harriet doesnt confront Emma, but distances herself by communication through letters. (( Travis elevation of class also gives impression of social fluidity ( he gets off drugs, becomes knockout about skateboarding and joins a rehabilitation program. THIS IS UNDERCUT BY COSTUMING IN WED DING SCENE. AND ALSO through with(predicate) FINAL COUPLINGS IN FILM ( HECKERLING UPHOLDS AUSTENS SENSE OF HIERARCHY.( TELEOLOGY REFUTED. o Although idea of coupling in C does not lead to marriage (as in Emma), important to note fact that marriage, or at least a wedding is the ideal and final remainder for women. RE final scene I want sailor hats o In C weddings are deemed more important than marriage itself ( you decouple wives, not children husband number five. o Although marriage is not equally valued in both contexts, the idea of DOMESTICITY is. In the C19th context of Emma, there was an up rise of the bourgeois and of their domesticity-based values. o This is also reflected in C WHEN Chers father values her for the menial tasks she performs in the firm who takes care of the house? Who makes sure daddys had his orange juice? LEADS BACK TO THE IDEAS OF FEMALE OPPRESSION AND THE REBUFFING OF THE NOTION OF TELEOLOGY. BOTH TEXTS ARE BILDUNGSROMANS o Both deal with the personal and character transformations of heroines. o Satirical social comment on composed contexts. o Transformation catalysed by phallic protagonist ( heroine has to submit to being wrong. CONTEXT CHANGED o Inherent themes same ( breakdown of high culture into POMO setting/society o legitimate UNDERSTANDING OF E FOR SOCIETY EMBEDDED IN MATERIAL accessibility AND CONSPICUOUS CONSUMPTION. oCHANGE OF MOP ( reflective of context ( change of narrative office to voice over o Omniscient 3rd person is optical language in clueless o EG. Emma were just friends (in respect to Mr Elton o Omniscient 3rd person had it been 10x more, 10x less, her companions admiration for her wouldve remained the same. o EG. Cher I have a way normal life for a teenager o Shot of her picking out her clothes from a motorised wardrobe. ? IRONY AND CONTRADICTION BETWEEN AURAL AND VISUAL. Both texts unflurried satires of respective worlds. Conclusion. RE POMO INTRO AND RELATE BACK TO QUESTION. ALL slightly VALUES A ND ATTITUDES.HECKERLING IMAGINATIVE, ETC IN TRANSFORMATION OF TEXT BUT REMAINS line up TO AUSTENS PURPOSE ( TO QUESTION AND SATIRISE THE FOIBLES OF HUMAN NATURE. WHILST ADDING TO HER OWN THROUGH THE TRANSFORMATION OF EMMA, HECKERLING HAS PROVEN THAT EVEN A TEENPIC CAN BE VALUED, AND because REINSTATES HER POST-MODERN BELIEFS WITHIN THE TEXT. EMMA AND CLUELESS CONTRIBUTE OT DEVELOPING AND RESHAPING THE VALUE OF EACH TEXT. EMMA ALLOWS CLUELESS TO BE VALUED, WHILST CLUELESS ALLOWS EMMA TO BE UNDERSTOOD AND ACCESSIBLE TO A cohort GROUNDED IN A CONTEMPORARY CULTURE.

Competence in Counseling Essay

Counseling is the master key advocate in resolving some wholenessized conflicts and emotional problems. It is advice, opinion, or instruction inclined in direction the judgment or conduct of an some other. know how to posses personal qualities such as maturity, empathy, warmth, understanding, and acquaintance. From a legal stand point ethics, virtuousity, and police force moldiness be ardently conformed. It is accurate decision-making, knowing appropriate haggling to use, and knowledge of the governing standards that is required.Also knowing accurate information approximately culture and ethnicity of the present society. Aspects of Counseling Counseling has been misrepresented over the bypast years for distinct types of endorsements of products. In todays time the profession as utmost as counseling goes is now corresponded within its practice. The focus is on yield and wellness as well as clarification of kind dis commits. In parade to relate to the counseling field an understanding of counseling and psychotherapy must be understood along with having history of the profession.Guidance is leadership, instruction, or direction by serveing others catch up with important choices that affect their next in maintaining a productive and healthy lifestyle. An individual organism taught guidance must learn to choose what values them the most in order to produce change within their life. This will give that particular individual a sense of direction by following instructions to enough a leader. The goal in guidance is to promote resourceful and glad lives of individuals by helping them adjust to social actualities. Psychotherapy is a puzzle out focused on helping heal and learn more effective ays to deal with problems or issues within an individuals life.It is in any case a supportive exercise when going through a difficult time period or either under increased stress. It traditionally focused on in force(p) problems associated with internal is sues, personal issues, and conflicts. Normally psychotherapy is recommended when a person is try with a life, relationship, clear issue, or a specific health pertain causing the individual a great deal of pain or upset for longer than a few days. Counselors hold an important arrangement that affect many lives throughout the course of a c atomic number 18er.A guidance serves as an advice-giving role in a wide number of areas. on that point are many types of advocators, including school guidance guidances, psychological counselors, counselors for victims, youth large number counselors and more. Aspects of Counseling The vast studyity of counselors are extremely caring peck who are dedicated to their work and enjoy helping to make others lives better. at that place is a wide range of ideal personality traits that are associated with being a top counselor. One of the most important personality traits, if not the most important, is a not bad(p) ability to listen.In order to help people and find solutions to problems, the counselor must be a keen listener in order to best help the person desire counsel. Counselors should alike have an understanding of human psychology and possess a strong sense of sensitiveness. Another ideal character trait for a counselor is having a strong sense of direction in order to find the best path to success for the people whom they counsel. Having a strong sense of direction usually solves problems more quickly and businesslikely. Ideal counselor personality traits are a commitment to the profession, humanity and the client.The ideal counselor serves the helpance of the clients. The counselor will develop meaningful and trusting relationships with their clients and take care that this trust is not shaken or broken. An ideal counselors personality has a consumer first attitude and should represent a protagonist and guidance role with nurturing characteristics to assist in the creation of a dependable bond between the client and the counselor. Other quality traits include their knowledge of the profession and its standards of practice, along with some background in psychology.A grave organizational personality trait of a counselor is their willingness to promote efficient case management techniques. Aspects of Counseling As an effective counselor one of the main qualities needed is patience. Go to the next step of explanation just when the longanimous of has clearly understood the content of the information you have provided. whence the counselor needs to have enough sufficient time for the patient, and should also be a nice listener. Let the patient express everything he/she has to say, and give your inputs once when the patient has finished talking.A counselor should be very observant and able to interpret non-verbal communication for example if the patient looks angry, and then find out the cause of his/her anger first. An effective counselor should provide non-possessive warmth in a cou nseling environment. Smile and disposition concern and acceptance by showing comfort, empathy, and understanding to the patient. Counselors should have good knowledge on the topic /problem like compliance to medication. or so people do not take medication for the same reasons, era others demand medication.Understanding the factors why people may not do certain activities at specific time will help you to assist them better. Try to understand the feelings the patient is having in the counseling process. In other words put yourself in his/her position. Give the patient the opportunity to make his/her own decision from your message. Lastly be sure to make it conscious(predicate) to the patient that you as their counselor maintain confidentiality on what the patient tells you. This heart and soul that counseling must be done individually and privately.Letting the patient know that you maintain a high degree of personal reliability, trustworthiness and mutual trust as an effective c ounselor. Aspects of Counseling As in that location are three different levels of counseling relationships to be aware of nonprofessional, paraprofessional, and professional. Nonprofessionals would be considered as family, friends, colleagues, untrained volunteers, or supervisors who try in assisting those who are in need. Secondly, paraprofessionals are individuals who have received some sort of training in human relations.Lastly professionals are those who are educated with the nowledge to provide assistance on a cling toive and corrective level. While being the ideal, effective, and professional counselor you must also keep in mind that you must follow the ethical and legal aspects of counseling also. Ethics is defined as a philosophical discipline that is concerned with human conduct and moral decision-making. You should also familiarize yourself with morality, which involves judgment or evaluation of action, and another major definition to know is law, which is the precise o rganization of governing standards that are complete to ensure legal and moral justice.The law does not dictate what is considered to be ethical but what is considered to be legal. Ethical codes are there to protect the profession from government. They allow the professions to control itself and functions independently instead of being controlled by legislation. In making ethical decisions counselors familiarize themselves with casebooks, professional colleagues, and principles. It is very all important(p) that counselors become well knowledgeable with ethics for the sake of their own eudaemonia and of their patients as well. Multi ethnic psychology focuses on the cultural differences in perspective processes and acceptable vs. nacceptable behaviors.It relates to normal lives such as home, education, work and relationships but also to what is considered abnormal or normal. Aspects of Counseling Knowing your patient plays a huge factor in counseling sessions as well. To know the cultural background of your patient can help you better relate to them as an individual. Many cultural ethnic groups live in the United States. A culture is behaviors, thoughts, perceptions, values, goals, and cognitive processes. An issue in multicultural counseling is the pronouncement of theories based on cultural values.A second issue is sensitivity to cultures in general, believes that are essential to counselors is knowledge of culturally different patients. Knowing that everyone is their own unique person, and have their own views on different things in todays society. The counselor must also have the skills to work with patients of different cultures. Counselors must work in order to know their patients and their problems. European Americans when taken into consideration is a larger versatile population they are very common to the people of the United States.When counseling African Americans a counselor must understand the history, and coping mechanisms. Hispanics/Latinos a very diverse group as well, and regardless to their background they are very bicultural. Asiatic and Pacific Islanders are considered as hard working, successful, and not prone to mental or emotional distress. When dealing with many diverse groups like this a common theme is that counselors who work with a variety of culturally different patients must be knowledgeable about them collectively.

No Man’s Land Essay

I tiptoe through the night, scared for even my sweat to make the slightest dissonance as it drips off my face and onto the ground. I am not thought of anything at the moment but my survival and how my life will be once I am free of the Soviet grip roughly my wrists. My heart feels same(p) it is breaking through my ribs and protruding out of my breast with every breather I take as I phlebotomize faster and faster towards the barrier that has incarcerated me over the years.As I devote myself over the eleven-foot concrete paries with barbed wire at the top, I can hear gunshots tout ensemble around, and I pray they are not intended for me. I hit the cold, hard ground on the other(a) side, but I am not even near(a) to beingness safe any time soon. I am in no mans land now. I would be better off asking for individual to shoot me than to make it out of here alive. I give besides maven chance.At least that is how I imagined it would have been manage if I were in trapped in the tribulations of eastern United States Berlin trying to escape into the sought after westmost Berlin between 1961 and 1989. However, it is a gray December day in 2004, and if it werent for body of the Iron Curtain and Checkpoint Charlie, people would not be able to relive that part of history or be reminded of the potentate that destroyed so many lives.The temperature was eight degrees Celsius as the gloomy toss attempted to cough up snow onto Berlin. Before that moment I had totally heard of the Berlin Wall through history books and stories. I would depend upon and listen to travelers tales told by my courageous father who had walked through Checkpoint Charlie and into eastern hemisphere Berlin in seventy-five. He told me how he had to exchange West Berlin funds into vitamin E Berlin money at Checkpoint Charlie before entering East Berlin. Then going tooshie into West Berlin he had to drop it in a rusty support can at Check Point Charlie because you were not allowed to keep East Berlin money. He witnessed two tourists getting assaulted by the guards for trying to smuggle East Berlin money into West Berlin.My only expectations of Berlin came from the adventures of my dad. I expected Checkpoint Charlie to be a barricade miles long with tollbooths that have the arms that swing up and piling. identical to the tollbooths that draw in across the free centerings of really large cities, or at the airports you go through after short-term parking. Once you pass through the jaw arms of the tollbooths I imagined East Berlin to be scattered with desolate buildings and run down streets. But as I approached the once controlling wall and Checkpoint Charlie I realized nothing was as I imagined it at all.It was like walk of life down any other street in a big city. A few people who were always pushing their way through the gaps that opened up between the wandering men and women, plainly in much of a hurry than anyone else on the street. Christmas lights clung to the tall buildings that ran down the streets of Berlin. People popped in and out of the busy stores, squeezing their last firearm of Christmas shopping in before the Holiday.Suddenly the bustle of people slowed like a murmur in time as I stood remunerate before the Berlin Wall and Checkpoint Charlie which are now surrounded by the commercialized buildings of downtown Berlin. My gaze dropped to an engraved brick in the ground that now serves as a commemorative plaque for the Berlin Wall. A chill ran from the tip of my toes all the way to the ends of my hair as I realized how lucky I was to be standing right there in no mans land. I can now speak of the Berlin Wall, not as hearsay from a history book, but as a memory.No mans land, a memorial now, is where 171 people who attempted to escape into West Berlin were shot, and left to bleed to closing like a deer on the side of the road. This area contained walls on either side with mines and stern East Berlin guards to make i t almost out of the question to escape. As I stood in the middle of no mans land confront East Berlin, I looked over my left and my right shoulders only to visit black, wooden crosses a little taller than I am. The crosses looked as if snow had only given them the plea authoritative of its company and nothing else around them, when really it was only if white sand covering the ground. I took a deep breath in as if I was trying to swallow it into my memory, making sure to keep it forever. I am motionless.Where the median strip of the road would have been, an American soldiers somber picture was enlarged and hoisted up on a pole staring out towards West Berlin. On the opposite side was a Russian Soldier keeping close watch over East Berlin. Below the soldiers pictures was Checkpoint Charlie. Wilted flowers surrounded this one room shack that once controlled the passage of people from East to West Berlin. Now it also stands as a memorial for people who died intersection point over into West Berlin.On either side of me, there were remains of the wall still standing. I got an eerie feeling as I stared at them. My sense of time was completely altered. There I stood at one of the most historical sites imagining what it would have been like to be case in by a concrete wall that was suffocating you more and more each day. But when I looked around I was in the middle of one of the largest cities in Germany. It was like time slowed when I was walking through no mans land, but everything else around no mans land and Checkpoint Charlie was adept of life. I was in my own little bubble. I walked about a block and returned to the normal noises and the packed sidewalks of what use to be the Soviet controlled East Berlin. My view of Berlin has been altered for the better, with a greater understanding of the saying comprehend is believing.